RBSE SS Hindi Shorthand flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Stroke thickness in Pitman Hindi

Light and heavy strokes of identical shape represent different consonants, for example क versus ग. Thickness is therefore part of the written symbol and must be preserved in the notebook.

Place of vowel signs

Vowel dots and dashes are placed at the beginning, middle, or end of the preceding consonant stroke, giving first, second, and third place. Position determines which vowel is meant.

Aspirate mark

The four aspirated series ख, घ, छ, झ, ठ, ढ, थ, ध, फ, भ are written by adding a dot or hook to the unaspirated base stroke. Omitting the mark changes the consonant.

Grammalogue

A single fixed sign standing for a whole high-frequency word such as है, को, में, or नहीं. Grammalogues must be reproduced exactly as prescribed, never abbreviated ad hoc.

Halant in shorthand

Absence of a vowel between two consonants is shown by joining the strokes closely without a vowel sign. The reader relies on the join to know no vowel intervenes.

Phraseography rule

Adjacent words and short forms may be joined without lifting the pen, provided the resulting outline stays legible. Combinations that cannot be read back reliably are not phrased.

Standard dictation speeds

Hindi shorthand examinations are conducted at 80, 100, and 120 words per minute. Higher speeds carry proportionally longer passages but the same transcription standard.

Transcription allowance

Time allowed for transcription is fixed per passage, commonly five minutes for an 80 wpm dictation, scaled for higher speeds. Reading back consumes this allowance, so outlines must be written clearly.

Counting dictated words

Speed is computed on the passage as dictated, counting whitespace-delimited units. Punctuation marks and numerals are not counted as separate words for the speed calculation.

Resolving ambiguous outlines

When an outline can be read two ways, sentence context and the verb ending decide the reading. Transcription proceeds sentence by sentence rather than word by word.

Treatment of figures and names

Dates, figures, and proper nouns are dictated slowly or repeated, then transcribed in full. They are a frequent source of errors and should be verified before the sheet is submitted.

Correction in transcription

A wrong word is struck through once and rewritten; overwriting is counted as an error. Clean margins and legible handwriting are part of the evaluation.

Word in typewriting speed

Typewriting speed counts one word as five keystrokes including spaces. A 30 wpm target therefore equals 150 keystrokes per minute, not thirty typed words.

Gross versus net speed

Gross speed counts all keystrokes typed. Net speed deducts errors, commonly computed as gross words minus errors per minute, so accuracy directly raises the net figure.

Hindi keyboard home row

The Inscript and Remington layouts place the highest-frequency consonants on the home row. Touch typing requires returning the fingers to the home row after every reach.

Order of a formal Hindi letter

Sender's address, date, receiver's designation and address, subject, salutation, body, subscription, signature block, and enclosures. The subject line sits above the salutation.

Devanagari numerals in typing

Hindi documents use Devanagari numerals ० to ९ unless the office style sheet specifies Arabic numerals. Mixing the two systems in one document is treated as an error.

Proofreading half letters

Final proofreading checks matra placement, conjuncts such as क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ, anusvara versus chandrabindu, and consistent spacing after punctuation before release.

Dispatch register columns

Serial number, dispatch number, date, addressee, subject, and mode of dispatch. The dispatch number is quoted in all later correspondence on the same subject.

Receipt register entry

Records date of receipt, sender, subject, and file number. Registered and confidential letters are acknowledged, and the acknowledgement date is noted against the entry.

Confidential dak handling

Confidential and secret papers travel in a sealed cover, are entered in a separate confidential register, and are never mixed with ordinary dak in the same file.

File movement chain

Receipt, put up, officer's order, draft, fair copy, dispatch, record. Each stage leaves a dated entry so the file's history can be reconstructed.

Draft and fair copy

The draft is marked as such and initialled by the officer. The fair copy carries the officer's signature and the office seal before dispatch.

Records destruction certificate

Records are kept per the retention schedule and destroyed only with a certificate signed by the competent authority. Destruction without an entry is a procedural irregularity.

Minutes of a meeting

Minutes record date, place, members present, agenda item, decision, and the officer authorised to act. They are confirmed at the next meeting before fair copying.

Stenographer's core duties

Taking dictation, transcribing it, maintaining the confidential letter file, and keeping a fair-copy register with date, subject, and dispatch number.

Reading back doubtful words

When a dictated word is unclear, the stenographer reads back the doubtful word or sentence before leaving the officer's room. Guessing and correcting later is not accepted practice.

Put up note

The officer's remarks and the action taken are recorded as a put up note. The stenographer transcribes these remarks into the file and returns it to the record room.

Recording proceedings in meetings

Proceedings are written in the third person. The resolution is recorded separately from the discussion, and the minutes are approved before fair copying.

Adjective agreement in Hindi

Adjectives agree with the noun in gender, number, and case: अच्छा लड़का, अच्छी लड़की, अच्छे लड़के. The का, के, की form follows the possessed noun, not the possessor.

Ergative verb agreement

With the postposition ने in the perfect tense, the verb agrees with an unmarked object; if the object is marked, the verb stays masculine singular.

Common sandhi rules

दीर्घ gives अ plus अ as आ; गुण gives अ plus इ as ए; वृद्धि gives अ plus ए as ऐ; यण gives इ plus अ as य्. Each produces a predictable spelling change.

Samasa identification

तत्पुरुष marks a case relation between members, द्वंद्व joins items by and, बहुव्रीहि denotes a third thing, and कर्मधारय marks apposition between adjective and noun.