UPMSP High School Home Science flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Definition of Home Science

An interdisciplinary applied science that uses knowledge of food, clothing, shelter, health, human development and resource management to improve everyday family and community life.

Scope of Home Science

Its main areas are food and nutrition, textiles and clothing, home management, human development, health and hygiene, housing, and extension education for community outreach.

Energy value of fat

Fat supplies about 9 kilocalories per gram, roughly twice the energy of carbohydrate or protein, which each supply about 4 kilocalories per gram.

Balanced diet

A diet that supplies all essential nutrients, dietary fibre and water in correct proportion, matched to the person's age, sex, activity and physiological state.

Protein-energy malnutrition forms

Marasmus results from overall energy and protein shortage, causing severe wasting without oedema; kwashiorkor results from protein deficiency, causing oedema and a distended abdomen.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E and K dissolve in fat, are stored in body tissues, and are better absorbed when eaten with fat; excess intake can accumulate to toxic levels.

Blanching before freezing

Briefly heating vegetables in boiling water and then cooling them quickly inactivates enzymes that otherwise cause off-colour, off-flavour and texture loss during frozen storage.

Osmotic preservation

Adding high concentrations of salt or sugar lowers the water available to microorganisms, so pickles and jams keep longer without refrigeration once properly prepared.

Freezing versus canning

Freezing at low temperature only slows microbial growth and enzyme action, while canning uses high heat to kill microorganisms and seal the product against recontamination.

WHO definition of health

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, according to the World Health Organization.

Night blindness cause

Vitamin A deficiency impairs rhodopsin formation in the retina, reducing vision in dim light; prolonged deficiency can progress to xerophthalmia and corneal damage.

Iodine deficiency disorders

Insufficient iodine reduces thyroid hormone production, causing goitre in adults and cretinism or impaired mental development in children; iodised salt prevents them.

Growth versus development

Growth is a measurable increase in body size such as height and weight, while development is progressive change in function and skill that continues through life.

Cephalocaudal direction

Development proceeds from head to tail: an infant gains control of the head and neck before the trunk, and of the trunk before the legs.

Exclusive breastfeeding

Giving only breast milk, with no water, other liquids or foods, for the first six months; complementary foods begin after six months with breastfeeding continuing to two years.

Adolescence stage

The period from about 12 to 19 years marked by a growth spurt, puberty and secondary sexual characteristics, plus psychosocial needs for identity, peer acceptance and independence.

Human versus non-human resources

Human resources are time, energy, knowledge, skills and attitudes within people; non-human resources are money, goods and community facilities outside them.

Work simplification meaning

Achieving the same task result with less time, energy and fatigue through better methods, layout and posture, rather than doing less work or lowering standards.

Fixed versus flexible expenses

Fixed expenses recur predictably and are hard to change, such as rent and school fees; flexible expenses can be adjusted, such as food, clothing and entertainment.

Kitchen work triangle

The path linking sink, cooking range and refrigerator; keeping it short and unobstructed reduces walking, fatigue and time spent in food preparation.

Cotton fibre properties

Cotton is a natural cellulosic fibre that is absorbent, comfortable, strong when wet, but shrinks and wrinkles; it washes well with soap and tolerates hot water.

Wool care rules

Wool is a protein fibre, weak when wet and prone to felting; wash gently in cool water with mild detergent, avoid alkali and bleach, and dry flat.

Plain twill satin weaves

Plain weave has simple over-under interlacing and is firm; twill shows diagonal lines and is durable; satin has long floats giving lustre but snagging easily.

Care label symbols

Standard symbols show washing (tub), bleaching (triangle), drying (square), ironing (iron) and dry cleaning (circle), with dots or bars indicating temperature limits or restrictions.

Cross-ventilation

Air movement produced by openings on opposite or adjacent walls, which removes heat, moisture, odours and pollutants and keeps indoor air fresh.

Cool colours in decoration

Blue, green and violet appear to recede, making a small room look larger and cooler; warm colours like red and yellow advance and suit large, cool rooms.

Principles of design

Balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion and harmony guide arrangement of colour, line, texture and form so that a room or garment looks unified and pleasing.

First aid for burns

Cool the burn under running water for at least ten to twenty minutes, cover with a clean non-stick cloth, and never apply oil, toothpaste or ice.

Choking first aid

Encourage coughing; if the airway is blocked, give back blows and abdominal thrusts for adults and children over one year, and seek medical help immediately.

Consumer rights

Rights to safety, information, choice, being heard, redressal, consumer education and satisfaction of basic needs, protected under consumer protection law.

Cash memo importance

A bill or cash memo is proof of purchase; without it a consumer cannot easily establish the transaction when seeking replacement, refund or redressal.

Statutory marks on labels

ISI for industrial goods, Agmark for agricultural products, FSSAI licence number for food, and Hallmark for gold jewellery indicate conformity with prescribed standards.