UPMSP High School Moral, Sports & PE - Code 944 cheat sheet

Moral education is the deliberate development of right conduct through precept, example and repeated practice; it is judged by behaviour, not only by knowledge of rules.

Kohlberg's three levels: pre-conventional (stages 1–2, punishment avoidance and self-interest), conventional (stages 3–4, social approval and law-and-order), post-conventional (stages 5–6, social contract and universal ethical principles).

Plato's four cardinal virtues: wisdom (prudence), courage (fortitude), temperance (self-control) and justice; justice is the harmony that keeps the other three in balance.

Gandhi's seven social sins: wealth without work, pleasure without conscience, knowledge without character, commerce without morality, science without humanity, worship without sacrifice, politics without principles.

Patanjali's five yama: ahimsa (non-violence), satya (truthfulness), asteya (non-stealing), brahmacharya (continence) and aparigraha (non-possessiveness).

Kant's universalisability test: an action is moral only if its guiding rule could be willed as a universal law; persons must be treated as ends, never merely as means.

Means–end rule: a morally good result does not justify a wrong method; intent (niyat) and action are judged together.

Morality is the lived code of right and wrong; ethics is its systematic study; values are the enduring beliefs from which moral judgements are made.

Order of moral influence in childhood: family first, then school and teachers, then peer group, religion and media.

Character is the settled set of moral habits that makes behaviour predictable across situations; personality is the observable pattern of temperament and behaviour.

Lickona's triad: moral character requires moral knowing (what is right), moral feeling (care and conscience) and moral action (doing it repeatedly until it becomes habit).

The Preamble's four ideals are justice, liberty, equality and fraternity; India is described as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.

Article 51A lists eleven Fundamental Duties; Part IVA was inserted by the 42nd Amendment (1976) on the Swaran Singh Committee's recommendation, and the eleventh duty (education of children aged 6–14) was added by the 86th Amendment (2002).

Six Fundamental Rights: equality, freedom, against exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and constitutional remedies.

Civic values checklist: punctuality, discipline, tolerance, cooperation, honesty, respect for public property and law, and informed voting.

Character-building agencies in school: morning assembly, house system, NCC/NSS/Scouts and Guides, club activities, games and community service.

Sports build character only when fair play, rule-following, defeat-acceptance and team roles are explicitly discussed; participation alone does not guarantee transfer to civic life.

Reinforce effort and fair conduct rather than only results; praising a win achieved by cheating strengthens the wrong value.

Physical education is education through physical activity: it develops the physical, mental, social and emotional domains, not merely sport skill.

Juvenal's mens sana in corpore sano ('a sound mind in a sound body') is the classical statement of physical education's rationale.

Objectives fall in three learning domains: psychomotor (skill and fitness), cognitive (rules, tactics, health knowledge) and affective (fair play, cooperation, leadership).

Theories of play: surplus energy (Herbert Spencer), recreation or relaxation (Friedrich Schiller), recapitulation (G. Stanley Hall), instinct practice (Karl Groos).

Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, 'Turnvater', founded the German Turnverein movement and is called the father of gymnastics; Pehr Henrik Ling developed Swedish educational gymnastics.

Ancient Indian physical culture: gurukul training, dhanurveda (archery), malla-yuddha (wrestling) and yoga; Hanuman and Arjuna are the traditional ideals of strength and skill.

Kothari Commission (1964–66) recommended physical education as part of the curriculum; NPE 1986 and NCF 2005 treat health and physical education as a compulsory curricular area.

Physical education is educational and developmental; physical training is performance-directed; recreation is voluntary and restorative - the three differ in aim, not in activity.

Carry-over value is the test of a physical education programme: whether pupils keep playing and exercising after school ends.

Cricket: 11 players; pitch 22 yards (20.12 m) stump to stump; an over is 6 legal balls; an innings ends on 10 wickets; the ball is dead once it is settled in the keeper's gloves.

Football: 11 a side, 90 minutes; goal 8 yards wide × 8 feet high (7.32 × 2.44 m); penalty area 18 yards deep; penalty spot 12 yards from goal; offside applies in the opponents' half.

Hockey: 11 a side, four quarters of 15 minutes; field 91.4 m × 55 m; goal 3.66 m × 2.14 m; penalty corner is taken 9.14 m from the goalpost; offside has been abolished.

Basketball: 5 a side, four quarters of 10 minutes (FIBA); court 28 m × 15 m; ring 3.05 m above the floor; three-point arc 6.75 m; a field goal is 2 or 3 points, a free throw 1.

Volleyball: 6 a side; court 18 m × 9 m; net 2.43 m (men) and 2.24 m (women); rally scoring to 25 with a two-point lead; the libero wears a contrasting jersey and cannot attack above the net.

Kabaddi: 7 players; men's court 13 m × 10 m (women 12 m × 8 m); the raider must touch and return in one breath within 30 seconds; touch = 1 point, bonus = 1, lona (all out) = 2.

Badminton: 21 points, best of three; court 13.4 m long and 6.1 m wide for doubles (5.18 m for singles); net 1.524 m at the centre and 1.55 m at the posts.

Table tennis: 11 points per game; ball 40 mm diameter; table 2.74 m × 1.525 m, 76 cm high; net 15.25 cm; service must be tossed 16 cm and struck behind the end line.

Athletics: standard track 400 m with 1.22 m lanes; marathon 42.195 km; senior men's shot 7.26 kg, discus 2 kg, javelin 800 g; women's shot 4 kg, discus 1 kg, javelin 600 g.

Ashtanga yoga (Patanjali's eight limbs): yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, samadhi.

Fitness components: muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardio-respiratory endurance, flexibility, speed, coordination, agility, balance and body composition.

FITT: Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type - the four variables every exercise prescription must state.

Maximum heart rate is approximately 220 minus age; moderate intensity is 50–70% of that maximum and vigorous intensity 70–85%.

BMI = body mass (kg) ÷ height² (m²); adult cut-offs: below 18.5 underweight, 18.5–24.9 normal, 25–29.9 overweight, 30 and above obese; Asian-Indian cut-offs are 23 (overweight) and 25 (obese).

Aerobic work uses oxygen over a long duration and burns fat plus glycogen; anaerobic work is short, intense and produces lactic acid.

Isometric = contraction with no joint movement (plank, wall sit); isotonic = movement against a constant load; isokinetic = constant speed against accommodating resistance.

Warm-up of 5–10 minutes raises muscle temperature and joint range and lowers injury risk; cool-down maintains venous return and clears metabolic waste.

Surya Namaskar has 12 linked positions; International Yoga Day is 21 June, adopted unanimously by the UN in 2014 and first observed in 2015.

Energy values: carbohydrate 4 kcal/g, protein 4 kcal/g, fat 9 kcal/g - fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient.

Deficiency map: vitamin A - night blindness and xerophthalmia; B1 - beriberi; B3 - pellagra; C - scurvy; D - rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults; iron - anaemia; iodine - goitre.

A balanced diet supplies energy, growth and protective nutrients in correct proportion with fibre and water; its hygiene counterpart is soap hand-washing before meals and after toilet, clean nails, boiled or filtered water and daily bathing.

First aid priority order: airway, breathing, circulation (ABC); control severe bleeding and keep the casualty warm and still before transport.

Sprain treatment RICE: Rest, Ice for 15–20 minutes, Compression bandage, Elevation above heart level; no heat, massage or alcohol in the first 48 hours.

Adult CPR: 30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths, depth 5–6 cm, rate 100–120 per minute; continue until the person breathes or help arrives.

Burn rule: cool with running water for about 20 minutes, remove rings and loose clothing, cover with a clean non-stick dressing; never apply ice, oil, toothpaste or butter.

Suspected fracture: immobilise in the found position with a splint covering the joints above and below, check pulse and sensation, and never attempt to realign the bone.

Home ORS: 1 litre safe water plus 6 level teaspoons sugar and half a teaspoon salt; give small sips after every loose stool, with zinc for 14 days under the national diarrhoea protocol.

The IOC was founded in 1894 by Pierre de Coubertin and is headquartered in Lausanne; the modern Olympic Games began in Athens in 1896 and are held every four years.

Olympic motto: Citius, Altius, Fortius – Communiter (Faster, Higher, Stronger – Together); 'Communiter' was added in 2021.

Upcoming Games: Paris 2024, Los Angeles 2028, Brisbane 2032; Summer and Winter Games alternate on a two-year cycle.

The Indian Olympic Association was formed in 1927 and sends India's teams to the Olympic, Asian and Commonwealth Games.

Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna is India's highest sporting honour, instituted in 1991–92 as the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and renamed in 2021; the first recipient was Viswanathan Anand (chess).

Arjuna Award (since 1961) for athletes, Dronacharya Award (since 1985) for coaches, Dhyan Chand Award (since 2002) for lifetime achievement in sport.

National Sports Day is 29 August, Dhyan Chand's birthday; the national sports awards are traditionally presented by the President at Rashtrapati Bhavan.

Dhyan Chand won hockey Olympic gold in 1928, 1932 and 1936; Abhinav Bindra (10 m air rifle, Beijing 2008) won India's first individual Olympic gold.

Sporting nicknames and bodies: Milkha Singh 'Flying Sikh', P. T. Usha 'Payyoli Express', Neeraj Chopra won javelin gold at Tokyo 2020, SAI was set up in 1984 and Khelo India launched in 2018.