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UPMSP High School Moral, Sports & PE - Code 944 study materials
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UPMSP High School Moral, Sports & PE - Code 944 practice questions

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Question 1Moral education, character building and civic values

In Indian moral thought, 'nishkam karma' as taught in the Bhagavad Gita refers to:

  1. Action avoided altogether to escape responsibility
  2. Action performed without attachment to its rewards Correct answer.
  3. Action performed only for personal profit and gain
  4. Action performed under fear of punishment

Explanation

Nishkam karma means performing one's duty with full effort while giving up attachment to the fruit of that action. The Gita directs the individual to concentrate on right action rather than on the reward it may bring, which is why moral education uses the idea to build duty-consciousness. It does not mean giving up action; only the motive is purified of selfish craving.

Question 2Moral education, character building and civic values

In the civic values component of moral education, the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens are listed in which part of the Constitution?

  1. Part V (Articles 52–151)
  2. Part III (Articles 12–35)
  3. Part IVA (Article 51A) Correct answer.
  4. Part IV (Articles 36–51)

Explanation

Fundamental Duties were inserted by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee, and were placed in Part IVA as Article 51A. They set out civic obligations such as respecting the Constitution, the national flag and the national anthem, and protecting the natural environment. Part III contains Fundamental Rights and Part IV contains the Directive Principles.

Question 3Moral education, character building and civic values

In character education, a person is said to display integrity when:

  1. rules are followed only when a penalty is likely
  2. a person changes opinions to match whatever the majority believes
  3. a wrong done by a close friend is quietly ignored
  4. conduct matches stated values even when no one is watching Correct answer.

Explanation

Integrity means wholeness or consistency between the values a person professes and the way that person actually behaves, especially when there is no supervision or reward. It is treated in character education as the foundation of trust, because a person of integrity can be relied upon without external policing. Mere outward compliance with rules does not amount to integrity.

Question 4Moral education, character building and civic values

A student finds a purse containing money and an identity card in the school corridor and hands it to the class teacher so that it can be returned to its owner. Which pair of values does this act best show?

  1. loyalty and obedience
  2. courage and competitiveness
  3. honesty and social responsibility Correct answer.
  4. punctuality and politeness

Explanation

Returning property that belongs to someone else, when it could easily have been kept, is a direct expression of honesty. Handing it over so that the owner can be traced also shows social responsibility, because the student acts for the good of another member of the school community without expecting any reward.

Question 5Moral education, character building and civic values

During an inter-school kabaddi match a raider falls and twists his ankle. A defender stops instead of touching him out, and the referee awards the raider a point. The defender's conduct is best described as:

  1. an act of cowardice, because the defender simply surrendered a point
  2. a rule violation, because a defender may not stop during a raid
  3. good sportsmanship, since fair play and an opponent's safety outweigh gain Correct answer.
  4. poor discipline, because a player must never question the referee's decision

Explanation

Sportsmanship places fair play and the wellbeing of the opponent above the immediate advantage of winning a point. Stopping play when an opponent is injured is an ethical duty recognised in physical education, even though the referee's award of a point is a separate administrative decision. Sacrificing a point to protect an injured player is therefore a mark of character, not of weakness.

Question 6Moral education, character building and civic values

Gandhi's principle of trusteeship, taught in moral and social education, holds that:

  1. the rich should give charity only in times of disaster
  2. wealth is a social trust to be used for the common good Correct answer.
  3. property is the only reliable measure of a person's worth
  4. all privately held wealth should be transferred to the state

Explanation

Trusteeship teaches that the surplus wealth a person holds belongs in moral terms to the community, and the holder is only its trustee, using it for the welfare of others. Gandhi preferred this voluntary, persuasive route to the coercive seizure of property by the state. The idea links personal character with social justice and dignity of labour.

Question 7Moral education, character building and civic values

Which statement best distinguishes law from morality in civic education?

  1. Law and morality are identical, since every moral duty is also a legal duty.
  2. Law is enforced by the state, while morality rests on conscience. Correct answer.
  3. Morality applies only to public life, while law applies only to private life.
  4. Morality is written in statute books, while law is unwritten custom.

Explanation

Law consists of rules framed and enforced by the State, with defined penalties for breach, whereas morality consists of standards upheld by conscience and social approval. The two overlap but are not identical: helping an injured stranger is a moral duty not enforced by any court, and driving on a particular side of the road is a legal rule that is morally neutral. Civic education uses this distinction to explain why legal compliance alone is not enough for good citizenship.

Question 8Moral education, character building and civic values

A resident keeps the footpath in front of the house clear and segregates household waste, even though no official checks these things. This conduct best illustrates:

  1. conformity to neighbours' habits
  2. concern for personal gain
  3. voluntary civic responsibility Correct answer.
  4. obedience to an authority

Explanation

Civic responsibility means contributing to shared public goods such as clean streets and safe footpaths without waiting for inspection or reward. Because no authority is monitoring the resident, the action cannot be explained as obedience or fear of penalty. It reflects an internalised sense of duty towards the community.

Question 9Moral education, character building and civic values

A student notices a close friend copying during a class test, and the friend asks for silence. Using principled moral reasoning, the most defensible course of action is to:

  1. announce the copying to the whole class so the friend is exposed
  2. advise the friend privately to stop and refuse to help Correct answer.
  3. copy as well, since equality means behaving as the friend does
  4. stay silent because loyalty to a friend outweighs every other value

Explanation

Principled moral reasoning upholds honesty while also respecting the dignity of the person concerned, so it rejects both silent complicity and public humiliation. The proportionate response is to refuse any help in wrongdoing and to counsel the friend privately to accept the result of honest effort. Loyalty is a genuine value, but it does not authorise a person to become a partner in dishonesty.

Question 10Moral education, character building and civic values

Which principle best expresses the moral basis of environmental protection in civic education?

  1. Nature should be protected because the market can price its resources.
  2. Resources should be used as fast as possible so that development is visible.
  3. The environment matters only when it directly affects human health.
  4. The present generation holds nature in trust for future generations. Correct answer.

Explanation

Environmental ethics in civic education rests on intergenerational equity: the earth's air, water, soil and biodiversity are held in trust by the present generation for those who come after. This principle explains why present consumption must be restrained even when resources appear plentiful and why pollution is a wrong done to others, including future citizens. It extends moral concern beyond immediate personal benefit.

Question 11Moral education, character building and civic values

In moral education, the virtue of compassion is best demonstrated when a student:

  1. helps a classmate carrying a heavy bag without being asked Correct answer.
  2. donates to a collection only when the teacher is watching
  3. submits homework before the deadline fixed by the teacher
  4. agrees with every opinion expressed by the class monitor

Explanation

Compassion is fellow feeling that moves a person to relieve another's difficulty voluntarily, without expectation of praise. Helping an overloaded classmate unasked shows this concern for another's welfare. Donating only in view of a teacher is display, agreement is conformity, and timely homework shows diligence rather than compassion.

Question 12Moral education, character building and civic values

Civic education teaches that a citizen's duty towards public property is to:

  1. leave it unused so that officials can keep it unspoiled
  2. let friends remove fittings from it as souvenirs
  3. repaint it in personal colours whenever it looks faded
  4. use it carefully and report damage to the competent authority Correct answer.

Explanation

Public property is held for common use, so citizens should protect it while using it and inform the responsible authority about damage or misuse. Careful use plus reporting preserves the facility for everyone. Avoiding all use, unauthorised repainting, and removing fittings all harm or waste the common resource.

Question 13Moral education, character building and civic values

Which of the following is listed as a Fundamental Duty of Indian citizens?

  1. to pay all taxes before the end of the financial year
  2. to protect and improve the natural environment Correct answer.
  3. to join the armed forces for at least one term
  4. to vote in every election held in the country

Explanation

Article 51A of the Constitution lists duties such as protecting and improving the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife. Voting, timely tax payment and military service may be legal or civic obligations, but they are not among the enumerated Fundamental Duties. The duty to protect the environment is expressly stated in Article 51A(g).

Question 14Moral education, character building and civic values

A student refuses to copy in an examination because cheating violates a principle of fairness that should apply to everyone. In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, this reasoning belongs to the:

  1. preconventional level, because punishment is avoided
  2. conventional level, because peers approve of honesty
  3. pre-moral stage, because rules are not understood
  4. postconventional level, because universal principles are applied Correct answer.

Explanation

Kohlberg's postconventional level involves reasoning from universal ethical principles rather than from punishment, personal gain or group approval. A student who rejects cheating because fairness must hold for all is appealing to such a principle. Preconventional reasoning focuses on rewards and punishments; conventional reasoning focuses on social approval and rules.

Question 15Moral education, character building and civic values

In a football match, the ball goes out of play after touching a player, but the referee mistakenly awards a corner to the opposing team. The most sportsmanlike response by that player is to:

  1. argue with the referee until the decision is reversed
  2. say nothing and take advantage of the referee's error
  3. inform the referee that he touched the ball last Correct answer.
  4. ask teammates to waste time so the corner cannot be taken quickly

Explanation

Fair play requires honesty even when an error benefits one's own team. The player should disclose that the ball touched him last and accept the referee's corrected decision. Silence exploits the mistake, arguing pressures the official, and time-wasting adds unsporting conduct.

Question 16Moral education, character building and civic values

The principle of rule of law in a democratic society means that:

  1. only judges and police officers are bound by the law
  2. every person, including public officials, is subject to the same law Correct answer.
  3. the government may ignore laws during a national emergency
  4. laws apply only to citizens and not to visitors

Explanation

Rule of law means that law is supreme and applies equally to all, including those who govern. No official is above the law, and ordinary citizens and foreigners within the jurisdiction are equally subject to it. Exempting officials, emergency disregard, or excluding visitors contradicts this principle.

Question 17Moral education, character building and civic values

In civic education, the idea of sustainable development requires citizens to:

  1. stop all industrial activity to preserve nature untouched
  2. leave all environmental decisions to international agencies and technical experts
  3. use all available resources quickly to raise present incomes
  4. meet present needs while protecting future generations' ability to meet theirs Correct answer.

Explanation

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It therefore asks citizens to balance present use with long-term protection. Rapid depletion, total stoppage of industry, and shifting all decisions to outside agencies do not express this balanced responsibility.

Question 18Moral education, character building and civic values

A student lives in a neighbourhood where families follow different religions. The civic value of secularism is best reflected when the student:

  1. argues that one religion should be taught as superior in school
  2. invites only friends from his own religion to a school festival
  3. avoids speaking to neighbours whose worship differs from his own
  4. treats neighbours of all faiths equally and respects their worship Correct answer.

Explanation

Indian secularism means equal respect for all religions and non-discrimination by the state and by citizens. Treating neighbours of every faith equally, and respecting their forms of worship, puts that value into practice. Excluding others, avoiding them, or claiming superiority for one religion violates equal respect.

Question 19Moral education, character building and civic values

Students want a broken library repaired. They hold a peaceful sit-in, refuse to insult officials, and accept punishment for breaking a school rule during the protest. This action most closely illustrates:

  1. negotiation backed by the threat of physical force
  2. satyagraha, or truth-force through non-violent resistance Correct answer.
  3. passive obedience to every order of authority
  4. civil disobedience aimed at overthrowing the school

Explanation

Satyagraha, as developed by Gandhi, combines insistence on truth with non-violent resistance and a willingness to suffer the consequences without hatred. The students act peacefully, avoid abusing officials, and accept punishment for their rule-breaking. That distinguishes their action from blind obedience, violent revolt, or coercion.

Question 20Moral education, character building and civic values

Before a crucial match, a team captain wants to field an injured star player. The captain instead consults the coach and the player, follows medical advice, gives a reserve player the place, and explains the decision to the team. This best illustrates:

  1. winning at any cost through tactical secrecy
  2. favouritism towards the reserve player
  3. ethical leadership that balances performance with welfare and transparency Correct answer.
  4. avoidance of responsibility by leaving every choice to others

Explanation

Ethical leadership weighs the team's goal against the health and dignity of its members, seeks relevant advice, and communicates decisions openly. The captain does not simply chase victory, evade responsibility, or favour an individual. Consulting the injured player and explaining the choice show both care and accountability.

Question 21Moral education, character building and civic values

In moral education, the value-clarification approach is used mainly to:

  1. help learners reflect on and consciously choose their values Correct answer.
  2. replace classroom discussion with regular written moral tests
  3. train students to memorise a fixed list of approved moral maxims
  4. rank students according to their marks in moral science

Explanation

Value clarification, associated with Louis Raths, asks learners to choose values freely after considering alternatives and consequences, to prize them, and to act on them consistently. It is not indoctrination: the teacher helps students examine their own commitments rather than imposing a fixed list.

Question 22Moral education, character building and civic values

In character education, empathy is best described as:

  1. the ability to understand another person's feelings and viewpoint Correct answer.
  2. the confidence to win an argument in front of the class
  3. the tendency to avoid people whose background differs from one's own
  4. the habit of obeying school rules without asking any questions

Explanation

Empathy is a character strength that involves perspective-taking and emotional understanding of another person's situation. It differs from sympathy because it centres on understanding the other's experience rather than merely feeling sorry for them.

Question 23Moral education, character building and civic values

As a civic value, tolerance in a plural society means:

  1. keeping silent when others are treated unjustly
  2. respecting different beliefs while keeping one's own reasoned views Correct answer.
  3. agreeing with the views of the majority at all times
  4. accepting every practice without any moral judgement or legal limit

Explanation

Tolerance in civic education is not indifference or agreement with every view; it is respect for persons and their lawful beliefs alongside a commitment to reasoned disagreement and legal limits. It also requires speaking up against injustice rather than remaining silent.

Question 24Moral education, character building and civic values

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, a student at the conventional level is most likely to decide what is right by:

  1. testing every rule against a personal cost-benefit calculation
  2. seeking family and community approval and upholding social order Correct answer.
  3. acting on impulses without considering the consequences
  4. following universal principles of justice that may override the law

Explanation

At Kohlberg's conventional level, right action is judged by meeting social expectations, earning approval, and maintaining the existing social order. Preconventional reasoning focuses on rewards and punishments, while postconventional reasoning appeals to universal ethical principles.

Question 25Moral education, character building and civic values

In Gandhian moral thought, 'Sarvodaya' stands for:

  1. the accumulation of wealth through the principle of public trusteeship
  2. the supremacy of the state over individual conscience
  3. the welfare and upliftment of all, especially the weakest Correct answer.
  4. the development of only the educated and propertied classes

Explanation

Sarvodaya, a Gandhian ideal, means the upliftment of all, beginning with the poorest and most vulnerable, and it is closely tied to non-violence and constructive work. It rejects the idea that progress is genuine if it benefits only a privileged class.

Question 26Moral education, character building and civic values

A school arranges for students to clean a local pond and then discuss in class how the experience affected the community. In moral education this is an example of:

  1. a purely competitive co-curricular activity for prizes
  2. punishment given to students who misbehave in class
  3. rote learning of environmental slogans in the classroom
  4. service learning, which links community action with reflection Correct answer.

Explanation

Service learning combines community action with structured classroom reflection so that students connect experience to moral and civic understanding. It differs from simple volunteering because reflection and learning outcomes are built into the activity.

Question 27Moral education, character building and civic values

The civic value of social justice requires citizens to:

  1. leave the distribution of resources entirely to private charity
  2. accept inequality as a natural and unchangeable fact
  3. support only those laws that benefit their own group
  4. work for fair treatment and equal opportunity for all Correct answer.

Explanation

Social justice requires fair treatment, equal opportunity, and attention to structural disadvantages that prevent some groups from participating fully. It is not limited to charity or to laws that benefit one's own group.

Question 28Moral education, character building and civic values

Fundamental Duties were inserted into the Indian Constitution by which amendment, and on whose recommendation?

  1. First Amendment, on the recommendation of the Sarkaria Commission
  2. 42nd Amendment, on the Swaran Singh Committee's recommendation Correct answer.
  3. 44th Amendment, on the recommendation of the Shah Commission
  4. 86th Amendment, on the recommendation of the Law Commission

Explanation

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, inserted Part IVA (Article 51A) containing the Fundamental Duties, acting on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. The duties were intended to remind citizens that rights and responsibilities go together.

Question 29Moral education, character building and civic values

Carol Gilligan's ethics of care is often seen as a critique of Kohlberg because it argues that moral development should also give central place to:

  1. relationships, responsibility and responsiveness to others Correct answer.
  2. competition for status and approval within the peer group
  3. abstract legal codes applied identically in every situation
  4. obedience to authority for fear of punishment

Explanation

Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's framework privileged an abstract justice orientation and undervalued a care orientation centred on relationships and responsiveness. The ethics of care asks moral agents to attend to particular needs and dependencies, not only to universal rules.

Question 30Moral education, character building and civic values

A teacher presents the class with a story in which a student must choose between loyalty to a friend and honesty. The main purpose of such a moral dilemma discussion is to:

  1. develop reasoning by asking students to justify choices and hear opposing views Correct answer.
  2. discourage students from discussing moral questions with peers
  3. train students to reproduce the textbook's approved answer
  4. measure students' memory of the story's characters and events

Explanation

Moral dilemma discussion aims to stimulate moral reasoning by requiring students to make a judgement, justify it, and respond to competing reasons. The teacher's role is to facilitate reasoned exchange rather than to impose a single approved answer.

Question 31Moral education, character building and civic values

In the moral education curriculum, a student's character is best described as:

  1. the marks a student obtains in moral science tests
  2. a stable set of virtues and dispositions that guide conduct Correct answer.
  3. the habit of obeying instructions only while a teacher is watching
  4. the student's mood on a particular day

Explanation

Character in moral education means the relatively enduring virtues and dispositions that dispose a pupil to act consistently, not the score in a test or a passing mood. It is shown in habitual choices, especially when no teacher is watching.

Question 32Moral education, character building and civic values

In civic education on the Indian Constitution, the Preamble value of fraternity is most closely linked to:

  1. the economic growth measured by national income statistics
  2. the right of the majority to override minority opinion
  3. the separation of powers among the three organs of government
  4. brotherhood assuring individual dignity and national unity Correct answer.

Explanation

In the Preamble, fraternity means a sense of brotherhood that assures the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation. It is a moral bond among citizens, not a rule about the separation of powers or majority dominance.

Question 33Moral education, character building and civic values

A school teaches punctuality through morning assembly, courtesy through teacher greetings, and cooperation through group games. In moral education this informal transmission is called:

  1. the hidden curriculum Correct answer.
  2. the examination board syllabus
  3. the formal curriculum
  4. the co-curricular timetable

Explanation

The hidden curriculum is the informal set of values, norms and behaviours that pupils absorb from school routines, teacher example and peer culture. It operates alongside the formal syllabus and is not simply the games period or the examination timetable.

Question 34Moral education, character building and civic values

A student returns a lost wallet only because he fears the principal's punishment. In Kohlberg's terms, this reasoning belongs to:

  1. the pre-conventional level Correct answer.
  2. the post-conventional level
  3. the conventional level
  4. the universal ethical principle stage

Explanation

At Kohlberg's pre-conventional level, moral judgement is guided by punishment, obedience and personal reward. Fearing the principal's punishment is therefore pre-conventional; conventional reasoning would focus on social approval or rules, and post-conventional reasoning on universal principles.

Question 35Moral education, character building and civic values

During a classroom discussion of a moral dilemma, the teacher's most appropriate role is to:

  1. avoid the discussion because values are purely private
  2. announce the officially correct answer before discussion begins
  3. grade pupils on whether they agree with her own position
  4. probe reasons, encourage perspective-taking, and keep enquiry open Correct answer.

Explanation

Moral dilemma discussion aims to develop reasoning, not to secure agreement with the teacher. The teacher should ask for reasons, invite pupils to consider other perspectives and keep the enquiry open, while maintaining a safe and respectful classroom.

Question 36Moral education, character building and civic values

A shopkeeper keeps two account books and pays less tax than he owes. From the standpoint of civic virtue, this conduct is best judged as:

  1. acceptable, because profit is a purely private matter
  2. a breach of civic duty, since honest tax funds public goods Correct answer.
  3. clever, because no identifiable person is directly harmed
  4. irrelevant, since taxation belongs to economics rather than moral education

Explanation

Civic virtue treats taxation as a shared contribution to public goods such as schools, roads and health services. Keeping two account books and underpaying tax shifts the burden to others and breaches the duty of honesty owed to the political community.

Question 37Moral education, character building and civic values

A family wants to reduce its ecological footprint. Which action best expresses environmental citizenship rather than a one-off gesture?

  1. cutting a roadside tree to widen the family gate
  2. burning household waste in the backyard to save collection charges
  3. using a private car for every short trip to save time
  4. segregating waste and routinely using public transport Correct answer.

Explanation

Environmental citizenship means habitual, collective practices that reduce pressure on ecosystems, such as waste segregation, water conservation and public transport. Burning waste, unnecessary car use and tree felling increase pollution or resource loss and are not responsible citizenship.

Question 38Moral education, character building and civic values

A student finds a teacher's answer key on the desk, leaves it untouched, and later admits to the teacher that it was visible. This episode chiefly illustrates:

  1. loyalty, because the student protected a friend from blame
  2. obedience, because the student feared being caught on camera
  3. prudence, because the student wanted a better grade later
  4. integrity, since conduct matched inner values when unobserved Correct answer.

Explanation

Integrity means consistency between a person's values and actions, including situations where misconduct could have gone unnoticed. The student did not merely obey or protect a friend; the student acted on an internal standard of honesty.

Question 39Moral education, character building and civic values

A teacher tells pupils that anyone who questions the school's chosen moral position will lose marks. In moral education, this practice is best criticised as:

  1. service learning, because pupils serve the school community
  2. value clarification, because pupils clarify their priorities
  3. indoctrination, because it suppresses reasoned enquiry and dissent Correct answer.
  4. character education, because it builds disciplined habits

Explanation

Indoctrination seeks to fix beliefs by authority and by penalising dissent, whereas moral education should develop reasoned judgement and the capacity to examine values. Threatening loss of marks for questioning closes enquiry and is therefore indoctrinatory rather than clarifying or educative.

Question 40Moral education, character building and civic values

According to Rest's four-component model of moral functioning, a student who fails to notice that a classmate is being humiliated on a group chat is weakest in:

  1. moral sensitivity Correct answer.
  2. moral character
  3. moral judgement
  4. moral motivation

Explanation

In Rest's model, moral sensitivity is the component that enables a person to recognise a moral issue and interpret how others are affected. A pupil who does not notice the humiliation lacks sensitivity before judgement, motivation or character can be applied.

Question 41Foundations and importance of physical education

Which statement best expresses the broad aim of physical education as a school subject?

  1. Building muscular strength and endurance so that learners can pass fitness tests and join the armed forces
  2. All-round development of the learner through physical activity Correct answer.
  3. Producing state-level athletes to represent the school in inter-school competitions
  4. Teaching only the rules and scoring of the major games

Explanation

Physical education (शारीरिक शिक्षा) is an educational process in which organised physical activity is the medium, not the end. Its aims cover physical, mental, social, emotional and moral development of the whole learner. Fitness, games and competition are means used to reach these aims, not the aims themselves.

Question 42Foundations and importance of physical education

The systematic study of human movement, which supplies the biological basis of physical education, is known as

  1. Etymology
  2. Pedagogy
  3. Kinesiology Correct answer.
  4. Sociology

Explanation

Kinesiology comes from the Greek word kinesis, meaning movement, and studies the anatomy, physiology and mechanics of human movement. It is a biological foundation because teachers must understand how bones, joints and muscles produce and control movement before teaching a skill. Pedagogy and sociology are also foundations of physical education, but they belong to the science of teaching and to society, not to body mechanics.

Question 43Foundations and importance of physical education

Which ancient Greek city-state made organised physical training compulsory for its citizens, including girls, chiefly to build military fitness?

  1. Delphi
  2. Athens
  3. Sparta Correct answer.
  4. Corinth

Explanation

Sparta followed an almost entirely military system of education in which running, jumping, wrestling, throwing and endurance work were compulsory for both boys and girls so that the state would have strong soldiers and healthy mothers. Athens, by contrast, valued gymnastics along with music and letters for the balanced development of the citizen. This contrast is a standard illustration of the historical foundation of physical education.

Question 44Foundations and importance of physical education

A teacher plans the games period around children's own urge to run, climb and explore, and avoids rigid drill and constant instruction. This approach is closest to which philosophical foundation of physical education?

  1. Perennialism
  2. Realism
  3. Naturalism Correct answer.
  4. Idealism

Explanation

Naturalism, associated with Rousseau, holds that the child's natural impulses and development should guide education, so activity is allowed to unfold freely with the teacher as a guide rather than a drill master. Idealism stresses mind and moral values, realism stresses the objective world and structured observation, and perennialism stresses fixed, disciplined subject matter taught by authority.

Question 45Foundations and importance of physical education

The National Education Policy 2020 favours integrating sports and physical activity with academic subjects mainly because it wants to

  1. identify talented students early for national-level competitions only
  2. reduce the number of teachers needed in a school
  3. make sports part of the curriculum for learners' holistic development Correct answer.
  4. shift time from games to extra classroom teaching of science and mathematics

Explanation

The policy treats sports as an integral part of the curriculum rather than an extra activity, so that physical education supports the holistic, multi-dimensional development of every learner. It recommends that sports be integrated with lessons and that playgrounds, equipment and trained teachers be made available. Selection of talent and competition are supported, but they are not the stated reason for integration.

Question 46Foundations and importance of physical education

In the psychological foundation of physical education, the learner's 'readiness' means that

  1. the school has provided a playground and appointed a coach
  2. the learner is physically and mentally mature enough for the task Correct answer.
  3. the teacher has prepared the lesson plan and arranged equipment in advance
  4. the learner has already won a medal in the same activity

Explanation

Readiness is a property of the learner: the physical growth, motor ability, mental understanding and emotional maturity needed to cope with a particular skill or load. Teaching a heavy skill before the child is ready causes failure and loss of interest, so the teacher matches the task to the stage of development. The other options describe preparation of the teacher, the school or past achievement, none of which is readiness.

Question 47Foundations and importance of physical education

Physical education is different from a game or a sport mainly because physical education

  1. is conducted only inside the school compound and never in clubs or at home
  2. always requires a marked playground and an official referee
  3. is an educational process with defined aims, not merely an activity played under rules Correct answer.
  4. is concerned only with winning medals at competitions

Explanation

Physical education is a planned educational process: every activity is chosen to achieve objectives such as health, skill, social behaviour and character, and the learner is assessed against those objectives. A game or sport is an activity with its own rules, equipment and competitive purpose, which the teacher may use as a means. The same game can therefore serve physical education, but it is not identical with it.

Question 48Foundations and importance of physical education

Which statement best represents the sociological foundation of physical education?

  1. Muscle fibres adapt to a training load according to the overload principle.
  2. Motor skills are learnt best when practice is spread over several short sessions.
  3. Growth and maturation decide the age at which a child can learn to swim.
  4. Team games teach cooperation, discipline and fair play and bring different social groups together. Correct answer.

Explanation

The sociological foundation explains physical education as a social process: games and team activities are miniature societies in which learners learn rules, roles, leadership, cooperation, tolerance and fair play. Sport also brings together learners from different castes, classes, regions and genders, which supports national integration and social harmony. The other statements belong to psychology, exercise physiology and growth and development respectively.

Question 49Foundations and importance of physical education

A physical education programme consisting only of drill, muscle-building and fitness testing, with no attention to values, social skills or thinking, reflects which view of the subject?

  1. Education through the physical
  2. Education of the physical Correct answer.
  3. Education for leisure
  4. Education for competition

Explanation

The older, narrow view called 'education of the physical' treats the body itself as the whole subject matter, so the programme becomes drill and conditioning. The modern view, 'education through the physical', uses movement as a medium for developing the whole person, including character, cooperation and decision-making. A programme that ignores these wider outcomes therefore shows the narrower view.

Question 50Foundations and importance of physical education

In the study of the importance of physical education, 'hypokinetic diseases' are those caused mainly by

  1. eating food that has been left open for a long time
  2. infection spreading through contaminated water
  3. a sedentary lifestyle with too little physical activity Correct answer.
  4. inherited defects in the genes

Explanation

Hypo means under or too little, and kinesis means movement, so hypokinetic diseases are linked with inactivity. Obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and coronary heart disease are the standard examples. This is a central argument for physical education, because a regular, moderate programme of activity helps prevent such lifestyle disorders from an early age.