UPMSP Intermediate Bengali cheat sheet

Theme (মূলভাব) is stated as a single sentence naming the central idea plus the author's attitude; support it with one textual incident, not plot summary.

Character questions require three elements: a defining trait, an action that proves it, and the character's function in the theme (contrast, foil, or mouthpiece).

Style markers to cite for prose: sentence length pattern, use of সাধু vs চলিত ভাষা, dialogue proportion, imagery density, and repetition for emphasis.

When asked 'কেন বলেছেন' (why the author said X), answer with context + intention + effect on the reader, in that order.

Distinguish রচনা-ভিত্তিক (author's own reflection) essays from চরিত্রপ্রধান (character-centred) sketches; the first needs idea-analysis, the second needs incident-analysis.

Quote only short phrases in answers; a paraphrase with the phrase in quotation marks scores higher than a long memorised block.

For 'শিরোনামের সার্থকতা' (justification of the title), test whether the title names the central character, the central event, or the central idea - then argue which one dominates.

Comprehension answers stay within the passage: no external facts, and each answer restates the question's key term to stay anchored.

Rasa is decided by the স্থায়ীভাব (dominant emotion): rati→শৃঙ্গার, hasa→হাস্য, soka→করুণ, krodha→রৌদ্র, utsaha→বীর, bhaya→ভয়ানক, jugupsa→বীভৎস, vismaya→অদ্ভুত, nirveda→শান্ত; add বাত্সল্য for parental affection.

অলংকার identification rule: উপমা uses comparison words (সমান, মতো, ন্যায়); রূপক asserts identity with no comparison word; উত্প্রেক্ষা uses যেন/যেন-প্রায়.

অতিশয়োক্তি = deliberate hyperbole; সন্দেহ = doubt expressed about a beloved or object; স্বভাবোক্তি = attributing human speech or feeling to nature.

শব্দালংকার vs অর্থালংকার: অনুপ্রাস, যমক are sound-based (শব্দালংকার); উপমা, রূপক, উত্প্রেক্ষা are sense-based (অর্থালংকার).

Metre check: count matras per line; অক্ষরবৃত্ত mixes 4- and 5-matra feet, স্বরবৃত্ত is song-like with 4-matra feet, মাত্রাবৃত্ত is regular matra-count verse.

Poet's intent (কবির অভিপ্রায়) answers combine the occasion, the emotion evoked, and the social or spiritual message - three clauses, not one.

For 'ভাব-সম্প্রসারণ' (expansion of an idea), open with the line's literal sense, develop two supporting arguments, and close with a universal application.

Chhanda and alankara questions are answered by naming the figure, quoting the exact words that carry it, and explaining the correspondence.

Summary questions are answered in the passage's own sequence: setting, main event, turning point, outcome - four moves, no commentary.

Character evaluation needs a verdict word (সহানুভূতিশীল, আত্মশ্লেষী, নিষ্ঠুর) plus two incidents; a verdict without incidents earns no marks.

For 'কতটা বাস্তব' (how realistic) questions, judge by plausibility of motive, consistency of behaviour, and absence of coincidence-driven turns.

Distinguish মূল চরিত্র from পার্শ্বচরিত্র by asking whose decision changes the story's direction.

Retell only what the text states; adding invented detail is the most common cause of lost marks in দ্রুতপাঠ answers.

Title-justification for the non-detailed text follows the same test as prose: does the title mark the protagonist, the central action, or the moral?

When asked for the নীতিকথা (moral), phrase it as a general principle, then tie it to the specific ending of the text.

সন্ধি decision rule: স্বরসন্ধি joins vowel to vowel; ব্যঞ্জনসন্ধি joins consonant to vowel or consonant; বিসর্গসন্ধি involves a visarga (ঃ).

স্বরসন্ধি sub-rules: অ/আ + অ/আ → আ; ই/ঈ + ই/ঈ → ঈ; উ/ঊ + উ/ঊ → ঊ; অ/আ + ই/ঈ → এ; অ/আ + উ/ঊ → ও; অ/আ + ঋ → অর্.

বৃদ্ধি vs গুণ: অ/আ + এ/ঐ → ঐ (বৃদ্ধি); অ/আ + ও/ঔ → ঔ (বৃদ্ধি); অ/আ + ই/ঈ → এ and অ/আ + উ/ঊ → ও are গুণ.

সমাস identification: two or more words forming one pad, named by which member is dropped - দ্বন্দ (both retained), কর্মধারয় (বিশেষণ dropped), তত্পুরুষ (case-marker dropped), বহুব্রীহি (meaning shifts to a third referent), অব্যয়ীভাব (first member is অব্যয়).

কারক vs বিভক্তি: কারক is the relation of a noun to the verb (কর্তা, কর্ম, করণ, সম্প্রদান, অপাদান, অধিকরণ); বিভক্তি is the suffix that marks it.

অপাদান takes থেকে/হইতে (source, separation); অধিকরণ takes এ/তে/য় (location, time); সম্প্রদান takes জন্য/উদ্দেশ্যে (beneficiary).

Idiom (বাগধারা) answers give the figurative meaning, never the literal word-by-word sense; e.g. অগস্ত্য যাত্রা = চিরদিনের জন্য প্রস্থান.

Transformation rules: সরল↔জটিল changes clause count (একটি অসমাপিকা/সমাপিকা ক্রিয়া); জটিল↔যৌগিক changes connector type (যে/যদি/কারণ vs এবং/কিন্তু/অথবা).

Essay structure: ভূমিকা (2-3 sentences), মূল অংশ (3-4 paragraphs, one idea each), উপসংহার (2-3 sentences with a forward-looking close).

Formal letter (আবেদনপত্র) layout order: প্রেরকের ঠিকানা, তারিখ, প্রাপকের ঠিকানা, সম্ভাষণ, বিষয়, মূল বক্তব্য, নিবেদন, স্বাক্ষর.

Report (প্রতিবেদন) opens with a headline, then reporter/place/date line, then ঘটনার বিবরণ, then প্রতিক্রিয়া or সুপারিশ.

প্রবন্ধের শিরোনাম must be echoed in the introduction and the conclusion; an unmentioned title costs marks.

Precis (সারাংশ) keeps only the central argument, drops examples and repetition, and stays within one-third of the original's length.

Translation Bengali→English keeps tense and voice of the original; translate idioms by equivalent idiom, not word-for-word.

Translation English/Hindi→Bengali must use চলিত রীতি unless the source is archaic or the question specifies সাধু.

Paragraph answers avoid first-person opinion unless the prompt asks for মতামত; examiners mark relevance, not personality.

Unseen-passage order: read once for gist, underline proper nouns and dates, then answer in passage order to keep chronology intact.

'পাঠের মূল বক্তব্য' answers are one sentence of claim plus one sentence of support drawn from the passage.

Synonym/antonym items (সমার্থক/বিপরীত শব্দ) must match the passage's sense, not the word's rarest dictionary meaning.

Bengali sentence order is Subject–Object–Verb; English source sentences with Subject–Verb–Object must be reordered, not copied.

Passive-to-active conversion in translation: identify the agent first, then make it the subject in Bengali.

Numbers, names, and units stay unchanged in translation; only the surrounding grammar is recast.

'কারণ কী' answers state the cause explicitly with কারণ/ফলে connectors; a bare restatement of the effect is marked wrong.

Unknown words are resolved by context and morphology (prefix/suffix, sandhi split) before guessing a meaning.

Theme (মূলভাব) is stated as a single sentence naming the central idea plus the author's attitude; support it with one textual incident, not plot summary.

Character questions require three elements: a defining trait, an action that proves it, and the character's function in the theme (contrast, foil, or mouthpiece).

Style markers to cite for prose: sentence length pattern, use of সাধু vs চলিত ভাষা, dialogue proportion, imagery density, and repetition for emphasis.

When asked 'কেন বলেছেন' (why the author said X), answer with context + intention + effect on the reader, in that order.

Distinguish রচনা-ভিত্তিক (author's own reflection) essays from চরিত্রপ্রধান (character-centred) sketches; the first needs idea-analysis, the second needs incident-analysis.

Quote only short phrases in answers; a paraphrase with the phrase in quotation marks scores higher than a long memorised block.

For 'শিরোনামের সার্থকতা' (justification of the title), test whether the title names the central character, the central event, or the central idea - then argue which one dominates.

Comprehension answers stay within the passage: no external facts, and each answer restates the question's key term to stay anchored.

Rasa is decided by the স্থায়ীভাব (dominant emotion): rati→শৃঙ্গার, hasa→হাস্য, soka→করুণ, krodha→রৌদ্র, utsaha→বীর, bhaya→ভয়ানক, jugupsa→বীভৎস, vismaya→অদ্ভুত, nirveda→শান্ত; add বাত্সল্য for parental affection.

অলংকার identification rule: উপমা uses comparison words (সমান, মতো, ন্যায়); রূপক asserts identity with no comparison word; উত্প্রেক্ষা uses যেন/যেন-প্রায়.

অতিশয়োক্তি = deliberate hyperbole; সন্দেহ = doubt expressed about a beloved or object; স্বভাবোক্তি = attributing human speech or feeling to nature.

শব্দালংকার vs অর্থালংকার: অনুপ্রাস, যমক are sound-based (শব্দালংকার); উপমা, রূপক, উত্প্রেক্ষা are sense-based (অর্থালংকার).

Metre check: count matras per line; অক্ষরবৃত্ত mixes 4- and 5-matra feet, স্বরবৃত্ত is song-like with 4-matra feet, মাত্রাবৃত্ত is regular matra-count verse.

Poet's intent (কবির অভিপ্রায়) answers combine the occasion, the emotion evoked, and the social or spiritual message - three clauses, not one.

For 'ভাব-সম্প্রসারণ' (expansion of an idea), open with the line's literal sense, develop two supporting arguments, and close with a universal application.

Chhanda and alankara questions are answered by naming the figure, quoting the exact words that carry it, and explaining the correspondence.

Summary questions are answered in the passage's own sequence: setting, main event, turning point, outcome - four moves, no commentary.

Character evaluation needs a verdict word (সহানুভূতিশীল, আত্মশ্লেষী, নিষ্ঠুর) plus two incidents; a verdict without incidents earns no marks.

For 'কতটা বাস্তব' (how realistic) questions, judge by plausibility of motive, consistency of behaviour, and absence of coincidence-driven turns.

Distinguish মূল চরিত্র from পার্শ্বচরিত্র by asking whose decision changes the story's direction.

Retell only what the text states; adding invented detail is the most common cause of lost marks in দ্রুতপাঠ answers.

Title-justification for the non-detailed text follows the same test as prose: does the title mark the protagonist, the central action, or the moral?

When asked for the নীতিকথা (moral), phrase it as a general principle, then tie it to the specific ending of the text.

সন্ধি decision rule: স্বরসন্ধি joins vowel to vowel; ব্যঞ্জনসন্ধি joins consonant to vowel or consonant; বিসর্গসন্ধি involves a visarga (ঃ).

স্বরসন্ধি sub-rules: অ/আ + অ/আ → আ; ই/ঈ + ই/ঈ → ঈ; উ/ঊ + উ/ঊ → ঊ; অ/আ + ই/ঈ → এ; অ/আ + উ/ঊ → ও; অ/আ + ঋ → অর্.

বৃদ্ধি vs গুণ: অ/আ + এ/ঐ → ঐ (বৃদ্ধি); অ/আ + ও/ঔ → ঔ (বৃদ্ধি); অ/আ + ই/ঈ → এ and অ/আ + উ/ঊ → ও are গুণ.

সমাস identification: two or more words forming one pad, named by which member is dropped - দ্বন্দ (both retained), কর্মধারয় (বিশেষণ dropped), তত্পুরুষ (case-marker dropped), বহুব্রীহি (meaning shifts to a third referent), অব্যয়ীভাব (first member is অব্যয়).

কারক vs বিভক্তি: কারক is the relation of a noun to the verb (কর্তা, কর্ম, করণ, সম্প্রদান, অপাদান, অধিকরণ); বিভক্তি is the suffix that marks it.

অপাদান takes থেকে/হইতে (source, separation); অধিকরণ takes এ/তে/য় (location, time); সম্প্রদান takes জন্য/উদ্দেশ্যে (beneficiary).

Idiom (বাগধারা) answers give the figurative meaning, never the literal word-by-word sense; e.g. অগস্ত্য যাত্রা = চিরদিনের জন্য প্রস্থান.

Transformation rules: সরল↔জটিল changes clause count (একটি অসমাপিকা/সমাপিকা ক্রিয়া); জটিল↔যৌগিক changes connector type (যে/যদি/কারণ vs এবং/কিন্তু/অথবা).

Essay structure: ভূমিকা (2-3 sentences), মূল অংশ (3-4 paragraphs, one idea each), উপসংহার (2-3 sentences with a forward-looking close).

Formal letter (আবেদনপত্র) layout order: প্রেরকের ঠিকানা, তারিখ, প্রাপকের ঠিকানা, সম্ভাষণ, বিষয়, মূল বক্তব্য, নিবেদন, স্বাক্ষর.

Report (প্রতিবেদন) opens with a headline, then reporter/place/date line, then ঘটনার বিবরণ, then প্রতিক্রিয়া or সুপারিশ.

প্রবন্ধের শিরোনাম must be echoed in the introduction and the conclusion; an unmentioned title costs marks.

Precis (সারাংশ) keeps only the central argument, drops examples and repetition, and stays within one-third of the original's length.

Translation Bengali→English keeps tense and voice of the original; translate idioms by equivalent idiom, not word-for-word.

Translation English/Hindi→Bengali must use চলিত রীতি unless the source is archaic or the question specifies সাধু.

Paragraph answers avoid first-person opinion unless the prompt asks for মতামত; examiners mark relevance, not personality.

Unseen-passage order: read once for gist, underline proper nouns and dates, then answer in passage order to keep chronology intact.

'পাঠের মূল বক্তব্য' answers are one sentence of claim plus one sentence of support drawn from the passage.

Synonym/antonym items (সমার্থক/বিপরীত শব্দ) must match the passage's sense, not the word's rarest dictionary meaning.

Bengali sentence order is Subject–Object–Verb; English source sentences with Subject–Verb–Object must be reordered, not copied.

Passive-to-active conversion in translation: identify the agent first, then make it the subject in Bengali.

Numbers, names, and units stay unchanged in translation; only the surrounding grammar is recast.

'কারণ কী' answers state the cause explicitly with কারণ/ফলে connectors; a bare restatement of the effect is marked wrong.

Unknown words are resolved by context and morphology (prefix/suffix, sandhi split) before guessing a meaning.

Theme (মূলভাব) is stated as a single sentence naming the central idea plus the author's attitude; support it with one textual incident, not plot summary.

Character questions require three elements: a defining trait, an action that proves it, and the character's function in the theme (contrast, foil, or mouthpiece).

Style markers to cite for prose: sentence length pattern, use of সাধু vs চলিত ভাষা, dialogue proportion, imagery density, and repetition for emphasis.

When asked 'কেন বলেছেন' (why the author said X), answer with context + intention + effect on the reader, in that order.

Distinguish রচনা-ভিত্তিক (author's own reflection) essays from চরিত্রপ্রধান (character-centred) sketches; the first needs idea-analysis, the second needs incident-analysis.

Quote only short phrases in answers; a paraphrase with the phrase in quotation marks scores higher than a long memorised block.

For 'শিরোনামের সার্থকতা' (justification of the title), test whether the title names the central character, the central event, or the central idea - then argue which one dominates.

Comprehension answers stay within the passage: no external facts, and each answer restates the question's key term to stay anchored.

Rasa is decided by the স্থায়ীভাব (dominant emotion): rati→শৃঙ্গার, hasa→হাস্য, soka→করুণ, krodha→রৌদ্র, utsaha→বীর, bhaya→ভয়ানক, jugupsa→বীভৎস, vismaya→অদ্ভুত, nirveda→শান্ত; add বাত্সল্য for parental affection.

অলংকার identification rule: উপমা uses comparison words (সমান, মতো, ন্যায়); রূপক asserts identity with no comparison word; উত্প্রেক্ষা uses যেন/যেন-প্রায়.

অতিশয়োক্তি = deliberate hyperbole; সন্দেহ = doubt expressed about a beloved or object; স্বভাবোক্তি = attributing human speech or feeling to nature.

শব্দালংকার vs অর্থালংকার: অনুপ্রাস, যমক are sound-based (শব্দালংকার); উপমা, রূপক, উত্প্রেক্ষা are sense-based (অর্থালংকার).

Metre check: count matras per line; অক্ষরবৃত্ত mixes 4- and 5-matra feet, স্বরবৃত্ত is song-like with 4-matra feet, মাত্রাবৃত্ত is regular matra-count verse.

Poet's intent (কবির অভিপ্রায়) answers combine the occasion, the emotion evoked, and the social or spiritual message - three clauses, not one.

For 'ভাব-সম্প্রসারণ' (expansion of an idea), open with the line's literal sense, develop two supporting arguments, and close with a universal application.

Chhanda and alankara questions are answered by naming the figure, quoting the exact words that carry it, and explaining the correspondence.

Summary questions are answered in the passage's own sequence: setting, main event, turning point, outcome - four moves, no commentary.

Character evaluation needs a verdict word (সহানুভূতিশীল, আত্মশ্লেষী, নিষ্ঠুর) plus two incidents; a verdict without incidents earns no marks.

For 'কতটা বাস্তব' (how realistic) questions, judge by plausibility of motive, consistency of behaviour, and absence of coincidence-driven turns.

Distinguish মূল চরিত্র from পার্শ্বচরিত্র by asking whose decision changes the story's direction.

Retell only what the text states; adding invented detail is the most common cause of lost marks in দ্রুতপাঠ answers.

Title-justification for the non-detailed text follows the same test as prose: does the title mark the protagonist, the central action, or the moral?

When asked for the নীতিকথা (moral), phrase it as a general principle, then tie it to the specific ending of the text.

সন্ধি decision rule: স্বরসন্ধি joins vowel to vowel; ব্যঞ্জনসন্ধি joins consonant to vowel or consonant; বিসর্গসন্ধি involves a visarga (ঃ).

স্বরসন্ধি sub-rules: অ/আ + অ/আ → আ; ই/ঈ + ই/ঈ → ঈ; উ/ঊ + উ/ঊ → ঊ; অ/আ + ই/ঈ → এ; অ/আ + উ/ঊ → ও; অ/আ + ঋ → অর্.

বৃদ্ধি vs গুণ: অ/আ + এ/ঐ → ঐ (বৃদ্ধি); অ/আ + ও/ঔ → ঔ (বৃদ্ধি); অ/আ + ই/ঈ → এ and অ/আ + উ/ঊ → ও are গুণ.

সমাস identification: two or more words forming one pad, named by which member is dropped - দ্বন্দ (both retained), কর্মধারয় (বিশেষণ dropped), তত্পুরুষ (case-marker dropped), বহুব্রীহি (meaning shifts to a third referent), অব্যয়ীভাব (first member is অব্যয়).

কারক vs বিভক্তি: কারক is the relation of a noun to the verb (কর্তা, কর্ম, করণ, সম্প্রদান, অপাদান, অধিকরণ); বিভক্তি is the suffix that marks it.

অপাদান takes থেকে/হইতে (source, separation); অধিকরণ takes এ/তে/য় (location, time); সম্প্রদান takes জন্য/উদ্দেশ্যে (beneficiary).

Idiom (বাগধারা) answers give the figurative meaning, never the literal word-by-word sense; e.g. অগস্ত্য যাত্রা = চিরদিনের জন্য প্রস্থান.

Transformation rules: সরল↔জটিল changes clause count (একটি অসমাপিকা/সমাপিকা ক্রিয়া); জটিল↔যৌগিক changes connector type (যে/যদি/কারণ vs এবং/কিন্তু/অথবা).

Essay structure: ভূমিকা (2-3 sentences), মূল অংশ (3-4 paragraphs, one idea each), উপসংহার (2-3 sentences with a forward-looking close).

Formal letter (আবেদনপত্র) layout order: প্রেরকের ঠিকানা, তারিখ, প্রাপকের ঠিকানা, সম্ভাষণ, বিষয়, মূল বক্তব্য, নিবেদন, স্বাক্ষর.

Report (প্রতিবেদন) opens with a headline, then reporter/place/date line, then ঘটনার বিবরণ, then প্রতিক্রিয়া or সুপারিশ.

প্রবন্ধের শিরোনাম must be echoed in the introduction and the conclusion; an unmentioned title costs marks.

Precis (সারাংশ) keeps only the central argument, drops examples and repetition, and stays within one-third of the original's length.

Translation Bengali→English keeps tense and voice of the original; translate idioms by equivalent idiom, not word-for-word.

Translation English/Hindi→Bengali must use চলিত রীতি unless the source is archaic or the question specifies সাধু.

Paragraph answers avoid first-person opinion unless the prompt asks for মতামত; examiners mark relevance, not personality.

Unseen-passage order: read once for gist, underline proper nouns and dates, then answer in passage order to keep chronology intact.

'পাঠের মূল বক্তব্য' answers are one sentence of claim plus one sentence of support drawn from the passage.

Synonym/antonym items (সমার্থক/বিপরীত শব্দ) must match the passage's sense, not the word's rarest dictionary meaning.

Bengali sentence order is Subject–Object–Verb; English source sentences with Subject–Verb–Object must be reordered, not copied.

Passive-to-active conversion in translation: identify the agent first, then make it the subject in Bengali.

Numbers, names, and units stay unchanged in translation; only the surrounding grammar is recast.

'কারণ কী' answers state the cause explicitly with কারণ/ফলে connectors; a bare restatement of the effect is marked wrong.

Unknown words are resolved by context and morphology (prefix/suffix, sandhi split) before guessing a meaning.