UPMSP Intermediate Bengali flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

মূলভাব (theme)

The central idea of a prose piece stated in one sentence, together with the author's attitude toward it, supported by a single incident from the text rather than a retelling of the plot.

চরিত্রের বৈশিষ্ট্য

A character trait must be named, proved by one concrete action in the text, and linked to the character's function in the theme, such as contrast, foil, or author's mouthpiece.

শিরোনামের সার্থকতা

Justifying a title by testing whether it names the central character, the central event, or the central idea, then arguing which of the three dominates the text as a whole.

সাধু ও চলিত রীতি

Two registers of Bengali prose: সাধু uses verb forms like করিলেন and has heavier conjuncts, while চলিত uses করেন and is the modern standard for essays and letters.

স্থায়ীভাব ও রস

The dominant permanent emotion of a poem determines its rasa: rati gives শৃঙ্গার, soka gives করুণ, utsaha gives বীর, vismaya gives অদ্ভুত, and nirveda gives শান্ত.

উপমা ও রূপক

উপমা compares two things using words such as মতো or ন্যায়, while রূপক asserts identity directly with no comparison word, saying one thing is another.

উত্প্রেক্ষা অলংকার

A figure in which an imagined possibility is presented as real, usually signalled by যেন or যেন-প্রায়, so that uncertainty itself becomes the poetic effect.

শব্দালংকার বনাম অর্থালংকার

অনুপ্রাস and যমক depend on repeated sound and are শব্দালংকার; উপমা, রূপক and উত্প্রেক্ষা depend on meaning and are অর্থালংকার.

কবির অভিপ্রায়

The poet's intention, answered by naming the occasion that prompted the poem, the emotion it seeks to evoke, and the social or spiritual message it carries.

অক্ষরবৃত্ত ছন্দ

A Bengali metre built from feet of four and five matras mixed irregularly, giving a prose-like rhythm distinct from the song-like স্বরবৃত্ত and the even মাত্রাবৃত্ত.

ভাব-সম্প্রসারণ

Expanding a given line by first stating its literal sense, then developing two supporting arguments, and closing with a universal application of the idea.

দ্রুতপাঠের সারাংশ

A summary of the non-detailed text given in the original sequence of setting, main event, turning point and outcome, with no added commentary or invented detail.

চরিত্রের মূল্যায়ন

Judging a character by giving a verdict word plus two supporting incidents, and by asking whose decision actually changes the direction of the story.

বাস্তবতা বিচার

Assessing how realistic a narrative is by testing the plausibility of motive, the consistency of behaviour, and whether events turn on coincidence alone.

নীতিকথা

The moral of a non-detailed text, phrased as a general principle and then tied specifically to how the text ends, rather than stated as a bare proverb.

মূল ও পার্শ্বচরিত্র

The main character is the one whose decision alters the story's course; a secondary character supports, obstructs, or comments on that decision without changing it.

স্বরসন্ধি

Sandhi between two vowels, where অ or আ plus অ or আ becomes আ, ই or ঈ plus ই or ঈ becomes ঈ, and উ or ঊ plus উ or ঊ becomes ঊ.

গুণ ও বৃদ্ধি সন্ধি

গুণ gives এ from অ plus ই and ও from অ plus উ; বৃদ্ধি gives ঐ from অ plus এ or ঐ, and ঔ from অ plus ও or ঔ.

ব্যঞ্জনসন্ধি

Sandhi where at least one member is a consonant, as when a consonant meets a vowel or another consonant; the visarga type (বিসর্গসন্ধি) is counted separately.

কর্মধারয় সমাস

A compound in which a qualifying adjective and the noun it qualifies merge, and the adjective's separate form is dropped, as in নীলপদ্ম from নীল পদ্ম.

বহুব্রীহি সমাস

A compound whose meaning points to a third referent outside its two members, as in দশানন, literally ten-faced, meaning the ten-headed Ravana.

কারক ও বিভক্তি

কারক is a noun's relation to the verb, such as কর্তা or কর্ম; বিভক্তি is the suffix marking that relation, so the two are distinct concepts often confused.

অপাদান কারক

The case of source or separation, marked in Bengali by থেকে or হইতে, as in গাছ থেকে পাতা পড়ে, where the leaf falls from the tree.

সম্প্রদান কারক

The case of the recipient or beneficiary, expressed with জন্য or উদ্দেশ্যে, as in দরিদ্রের জন্য অর্থ, meaning money intended for the poor.

বাগধারা

An idiom whose meaning is figurative and cannot be derived word by word; অগস্ত্য যাত্রা, for instance, means departure never to return.

সরল ও জটিল বাক্য

A সরল sentence has one finite verb, while a জটিল sentence has one principal clause plus a subordinate clause introduced by words like যে, যদি or কারণ.

আবেদনপত্রের ক্রম

Formal letter order: sender's address, date, recipient's address, salutation, subject line, body, closing request, and signature at the end.

প্রতিবেদন রচনা

A report opens with a headline, then a reporter-place-date line, then a factual account of the event, and ends with reactions or recommendations.

সারাংশ লিখন

A précis keeps only the central argument, drops examples and repetition, and is written in the candidate's own words within about one-third of the original length.

রচনার কাঠামো

An essay has a short introduction, three or four body paragraphs each carrying one idea, and a conclusion that returns to the title and looks forward.

অনুবাদের বাক্যক্রম

Bengali follows subject-object-verb order, so an English subject-verb-object sentence must be reordered rather than copied word for word when translated.

অজানা শব্দের অর্থ

An unfamiliar word in an unseen passage is resolved from context and morphology, splitting sandhi or recognising prefixes and suffixes, before any meaning is guessed.