Land and House Surveyor Examination flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Linear misclosure

The vector sum of all traverse legs' coordinate differences; its magnitude = √(ΣΔX² + ΣΔY²) and it is compared to total traverse length to judge acceptable relative closure.

Bowditch rule

A traverse adjustment method distributing misclosure in proportion to each leg's length, used when distance and angle errors are of comparable magnitude.

Curvature and refraction correction

Leveling correction of approximately 0.067 D² meters (D in km), subtracted from the staff reading; equal fore and back sight distances cancel its effect.

Face left and right mean

Averaging total station observations taken with the telescope reversed cancels residual collimation and trunnion axis errors, improving horizontal angle accuracy.

筆界 (parcel boundary)

The boundary existing when the original land register was created, determined by objective records and survey evidence, not by mere agreement of adjoining owners.

所有権界 (ownership boundary)

A private-law boundary between ownership rights that may differ from the 筆界; it is settled by civil agreement and does not change the registered parcel boundary.

Shoelace formula

Area = ½|Σ(Xᵢ·Yᵢ₊₁ − Xᵢ₊₁·Yᵢ)| for a closed polygon; verify closure before applying and report results in square meters to two decimals.

筆界特定 (boundary determination)

An administrative procedure at the 法務局 that identifies a specific parcel boundary using records and survey evidence; it produces a finding, not a civil judgment.

共同申請主義 (joint application)

The rule that rights registrations are applied for jointly by the right holder and obligor, with statutory exceptions permitting single-party application such as inheritance registration.

登記識別情報

A code issued in place of a seal certificate for rights registrations since 2005; losing it requires prior notice or identity verification measures before applying.

仮登記 (provisional registration)

A registration preserving the rank of a future full registration when the underlying right is not yet fully effective or transferable.

登録免許税

Registration tax computed on the assessed value of the property, with rates varying by cause such as sale, inheritance, or mortgage creation; verify current statutory rates.

表示に関する登記

Registration recording the location, parcel number, area, and land category of land, and the location, number, type, structure, and floor area of buildings; it does not create rights.

壁芯 vs 内法

Building floor area for 表示登記 is measured on wall centerlines (壁芯), while appraisal and building confirmation use inner clear dimensions (内法); do not interchange.

地積測量図

A survey drawing attached to subdivision or area-correction applications showing boundary points, adjacent parcel numbers, and coordinates or distances and angles.

公図

The old land-register attached map; it shows historical parcel layout but lacks strict geometric accuracy and is not conclusive evidence of current boundary position.

境界標の共有

Boundary markers are co-owned by adjoining owners under Civil Code Article 229; each may bear half the cost of setting or repairing them.

地役権 (easement)

A real right allowing the dominant parcel to use the servient parcel in a defined way; registration is required to bind third parties, and it follows the dominant parcel on transfer.

取得時効

Acquisition of ownership by long possession: 20 years generally, or 10 years with good faith and no negligence; registration is needed to assert it against third parties for registered property.

囲繞地通行権

A right under Civil Code Article 210 for a landlocked parcel to pass through surrounding land to reach a public road, with compensation to the servient owner.

地籍調査

A cadastral survey under the National Land Survey Act that determines parcel boundaries and owners, measures coordinates, and produces maps and registers approved by the municipality.

地籍図 and 地籍簿

The map and register produced by 地籍調査; after municipal approval they are sent to the registry to correct the map and registration records.

換地処分

A land readjustment measure that relocates and reshapes parcels according to a replotting plan, replacing prior boundaries and areas in the affected area.

審査請求

An administrative appeal to the superior of the agency that made the disposition, generally within three months of knowing it, under the Administrative Complaint Review Act.

取消訴訟

A lawsuit seeking revocation of an administrative disposition, requiring standing and filed within six months of knowing the disposition or one year of the act.

理由の提示

The Administrative Procedure Act requires agencies to state reasons when issuing dispositions adversely affecting rights or interests; absence may render the disposition invalid.

行政指導

Non-binding administrative guidance; a surveyor may decline it but should document it in the case file because it has no legal force.

品位保持義務

The statutory duty of a land and house investigator to maintain dignity and perform duties faithfully under Article 2 of the Land and House Investigator Act.

利益相反

A conflict of interest situation where personal or financial interest could bias boundary determination; the surveyor should decline the engagement.

記述式 answer structure

Present the conclusion first, then the legal basis, then the computation or factual application; cite statutes and show the calculation process clearly.

分筆 area computation

For subdivision, set the required area ratio, solve for the dividing line position using a quadratic equation or stated trial-and-error tolerance, and verify by the shoelace formula.

口述 conclusion-first rule

State the conclusion, then the legal basis, then the factual application within about 60 seconds; if a fact is uncertain, explain how you would verify it rather than guessing.