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Land and House Surveyor Examination study materials
Land and House Surveyor Examination study resources

Land and House Surveyor Examination practice questions

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Question 1Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

In a closed traverse, the angular misclosure is distributed equally among all interior angles. This adjustment assumes that the angular errors are:

  1. Caused by a single blunder in one angle
  2. Systematic and proportional to the length of each leg
  3. Cumulative and increasing with each successive setup
  4. Random and of equal magnitude in each measured angle Correct answer.

Explanation

Equal distribution of angular misclosure is a standard least-squares simplification that treats each angle as having the same random error and no blunders. If a single blunder or a systematic instrument error were present, equal spreading would hide it rather than correct it. Leg length does not enter angular adjustment in this simple method.

Question 2Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A total station is set up and a backsight is taken to a reference mark. Which of the following must be entered so that subsequent horizontal angles are referred to the same zero direction?

  1. The prism constant
  2. The atmospheric correction
  3. The backsight azimuth or zero-set angle Correct answer.
  4. The instrument height

Explanation

Horizontal angles are measured relative to the instrument's zero direction, so the backsight orientation (azimuth or zero-set angle) must be entered to orient the circle correctly. Instrument height affects vertical/elevation computations, prism constant affects distances, and atmospheric correction affects distances. None of those orient the horizontal circle.

Question 3Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

Two points are measured as 250.00 m apart using a steel tape that is known to be 0.05 m too long over its full 30 m length. What is the corrected horizontal distance?

  1. 250.05 m
  2. 249.58 m
  3. 249.95 m
  4. 250.42 m Correct answer.

Explanation

The tape records 30 m when the true length is 30.05 m, so measured distances are too short by the ratio 0.05/30. The correction is 250.00 × (0.05/30) = 0.4167 m, giving 250.42 m. Because the tape is long, the measured value must be increased.

Question 4Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

Which leveling instrument error produces a constant vertical offset in every backsight and foresight reading at a given setup, thus largely cancelling when backsight and foresight distances are equal?

  1. Non-vertical crosshair
  2. Parallax in the telescope eyepiece
  3. Settlement of the tripod between readings
  4. Collimation error in the line of sight Correct answer.

Explanation

Collimation error tilts the line of sight by a fixed angle, so its effect on a rod reading is proportional to sight distance. With equal backsight and foresight distances, the errors cancel in the elevation difference. Parallax and crosshair misalignment are setup-specific, and tripod settlement is not a fixed angular offset.

Question 5Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A surveyor measures a horizontal angle four times and obtains 42°18'20", 42°18'24", 42°18'22", and 42°18'26". What is the arithmetic mean angle?

  1. 42°18'25"
  2. 42°18'22"
  3. 42°18'24"
  4. 42°18'23" Correct answer.

Explanation

The mean is the sum divided by four. Summing the seconds: 20 + 24 + 22 + 26 = 92, and 92/4 = 23, so the mean is 42°18'23". The minute and degree parts are unchanged because no carry occurs.

Question 6Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A level circuit closes on a benchmark with a misclosure of +0.024 m over 1.2 km of leveling. What is the allowable misclosure if the specification is 8 mm times the square root of the distance in kilometers?

  1. 0.0096 m
  2. 0.0088 m Correct answer.
  3. 0.0240 m
  4. 0.0080 m

Explanation

The specification formula gives 8 mm × √1.2 = 8 × 1.0954 = 8.76 mm, approximately 0.0088 m. The measured misclosure of 0.024 m exceeds this tolerance, so the leveling would be rejected. The square-root form reflects random error accumulation with distance.

Question 7Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

In a theodolite, the vertical circle is used primarily to measure:

  1. Horizontal angles between stations
  2. Zenith or vertical angles Correct answer.
  3. Magnetic bearing of a line
  4. Distance by stadia only

Explanation

The vertical circle measures angles in the vertical plane, usually zenith angles from the vertical or elevation/depression angles from horizontal. Horizontal angles are read from the horizontal circle, and magnetic bearings require a compass. Stadia distance uses the vertical angle together with rod intercept, not the vertical circle alone.

Question 8Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A GNSS receiver operating in RTK mode reports a fixed solution. What does the fixed status indicate?

  1. The position is based on code pseudoranges alone
  2. The integer carrier-phase ambiguities have been resolved Correct answer.
  3. The baseline exceeds the recommended length
  4. The receiver is using only broadcast ephemeris

Explanation

An RTK fixed solution means the integer ambiguities in the carrier-phase observations have been resolved, giving centimeter-level accuracy. A float solution indicates ambiguities are still estimated as real numbers. Code-only positioning and baseline length do not define fixed status.

Question 9Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

In a closed-loop traverse, the linear misclosure is 0.15 m over a total traverse length of 1500 m. What is the relative precision?

  1. 1:10000 Correct answer.
  2. 1:1000
  3. 1:100
  4. 1:150

Explanation

Relative precision is total length divided by misclosure: 1500/0.15 = 10,000, expressed as 1:10,000. This ratio is a standard quality indicator for traverse work. Lower ratios indicate poorer relative accuracy.

Question 10Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a resection (free station) computation in total station work?

  1. Transferring a benchmark elevation by differential leveling
  2. Determining instrument coordinates from observations to known points Correct answer.
  3. Determining unknown point coordinates from a known instrument setup
  4. Establishing a magnetic meridian at a new station

Explanation

Resection, often called free stationing, computes the occupied station's coordinates and orientation from measured directions or distances to known points. It is the inverse of setting up over a known point and backsighting. Leveling and magnetic bearings are separate operations.

Question 11Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A distance measured along a slope of 5° is 200.000 m. What is the horizontal distance, to the nearest millimeter?

  1. 199.239 m Correct answer.
  2. 200.762 m
  3. 199.962 m
  4. 199.619 m

Explanation

Horizontal distance equals slope distance times the cosine of the slope angle: 200.000 × cos 5° = 200.000 × 0.996195 = 199.239 m. The correction is about 0.761 m. Using sine instead of cosine would give the wrong result.

Question 12Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

Which statement correctly describes the effect of curvature and refraction on a leveling rod reading?

  1. Curvature raises the apparent reading while refraction lowers it Correct answer.
  2. Curvature lowers the apparent reading while refraction raises it
  3. Both curvature and refraction lower the apparent rod reading
  4. Both curvature and refraction raise the apparent rod reading

Explanation

Earth curvature makes a distant rod appear lower than a horizontal line, increasing the apparent reading, while atmospheric refraction bends the line of sight downward, decreasing it. The net combined correction is about 0.0675D² with D in kilometers. Because the effects oppose each other, refraction partially offsets curvature.

Question 13Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

In least-squares adjustment, the most probable values of unknowns are obtained by minimizing:

  1. The sum of the squared weighted residuals Correct answer.
  2. The number of observations
  3. The sum of the residuals
  4. The maximum absolute residual

Explanation

Least-squares adjustment minimizes the sum of squared residuals, weighted by the inverse of observation variances when observations differ in precision. Minimizing the sum of residuals alone allows large positive and negative errors to cancel. The maximum residual and observation count are not minimized in this method.

Question 14Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A horizontal angle is measured with a theodolite reading to 1" but with a centering error of 5 mm at a station where the target is 100 m away. Approximately what angular error does the centering error introduce at the target?

  1. 50"
  2. 0.5"
  3. 5"
  4. 10" Correct answer.

Explanation

Angular error from a lateral displacement e at distance D is approximately e/D in radians. Here 0.005/100 = 5 × 10⁻⁵ rad, which converts to about 10". Centering error therefore dominates over reading precision for short sights.

Question 15Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

Which instrument would be most appropriate for measuring a horizontal angle to a precision of about 1" in a control survey?

  1. A 1" precise theodolite or total station Correct answer.
  2. A clinometer
  3. A prism square
  4. A hand level

Explanation

A precise theodolite or total station with 1" circle reading provides the angular resolution needed for control work. Hand levels and clinometers give rough vertical angles, and a prism square is an optical accessory for setting right angles, not precise angle measurement.

Question 16Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A benchmark has an elevation of 100.000 m. A backsight of 1.500 m is taken on the benchmark, and a foresight of 2.300 m on a new point. What is the elevation of the new point?

  1. 99.800 m
  2. 99.200 m Correct answer.
  3. 101.300 m
  4. 100.800 m

Explanation

Height of instrument equals benchmark elevation plus backsight: 100.000 + 1.500 = 101.500 m. The new point elevation is HI minus foresight: 101.500 − 2.300 = 99.200 m. The foresight being larger than the backsight means the new point is lower.

Question 17Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

The stated accuracy of a total station's distance measurement is ±(2 mm + 2 ppm). For a measured distance of 2000 m, what is the total expected uncertainty?

  1. ±2 mm
  2. ±6 mm Correct answer.
  3. ±4 mm
  4. ±8 mm

Explanation

The ppm term scales with distance: 2 ppm × 2000 m = 4 mm. Adding the constant 2 mm gives a total of ±6 mm. The constant term covers instrument and reflector centering errors, while the ppm term covers scale-dependent errors.

Question 18Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

Which error in a total station is detected and reduced by observing a horizontal angle in both face-left and face-right positions and averaging?

  1. Vertical axis tilt
  2. Prism constant error
  3. Horizontal collimation error Correct answer.
  4. Atmospheric refraction of distances

Explanation

Flipping the telescope and averaging face-left and face-right readings cancels the horizontal collimation (line-of-sight) error and the horizontal axis error. Vertical axis tilt is handled by the compensator or by careful leveling. Prism constant and atmospheric effects relate to distance measurement, not angle averaging.

Question 19Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A closed polygon traverse has interior angles summing to 539°58'40". For a five-sided polygon, what is the angular misclosure?

  1. −0°01'20" Correct answer.
  2. +0°00'40"
  3. +0°01'20"
  4. −0°00'40"

Explanation

The theoretical sum of interior angles for an n-sided polygon is (n−2)×180° = 3×180° = 540°00'00". The measured sum is 539°58'40", which is 1'20" less than theory, so the misclosure is −0°01'20". The sign convention is measured minus theoretical.

Question 20Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

In a plane surveying context, which assumption justifies treating a level surface as a horizontal plane over a small site?

  1. The instrument is always set at mean sea level
  2. The Earth's curvature over the site is negligible relative to required accuracy Correct answer.
  3. The line of sight is always horizontal
  4. Magnetic declination is constant

Explanation

Plane surveying assumes that over limited extents the Earth's curvature produces errors smaller than the required accuracy, so a flat horizontal reference is acceptable. Beyond a few kilometers, curvature and refraction must be modeled. The other options are unrelated to the plane-surveying assumption.

Question 21Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A surveyor measures the same baseline repeatedly and obtains values tightly clustered but consistently 0.30 m above the published value. This result indicates:

  1. High precision but low accuracy Correct answer.
  2. Low precision and low accuracy
  3. Low precision and high accuracy
  4. High precision and high accuracy

Explanation

Precision describes the clustering of repeated measurements, while accuracy describes closeness to the true value. Tight clustering with a consistent offset indicates a systematic error, giving high precision but low accuracy. Calibration or correction of the systematic source would be required.

Question 22Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

In a triangulation network, a baseline is measured with high precision and the remaining sides are derived from observed angles. What is the main reason for measuring at least one baseline directly?

  1. To eliminate refraction effects
  2. To fix the scale of the network Correct answer.
  3. To determine magnetic north
  4. To set the instrument height

Explanation

Angle observations alone determine shape but not size, so at least one measured length is needed to fix the scale of a triangulation network. Additional baselines provide checks and strengthen the adjustment. Magnetic north, refraction, and instrument height are separate matters.

Question 23Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A total station is used to set out a point at a specified horizontal distance and bearing from a known station. Which onboard function performs this task?

  1. Stakeout or setting-out routine Correct answer.
  2. Area computation routine
  3. Traverse adjustment routine
  4. Resection routine

Explanation

The stakeout routine computes the bearing and distance to a design point and displays the cut/fill guidance as the prism is moved. Resection determines the station position, traverse adjustment distributes misclosure, and area computation calculates enclosed areas.

Question 24Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A vertical angle of elevation of 12° is measured to a target whose height equals the instrument height. If the slope distance is 350.000 m, what is the horizontal distance, to the nearest millimeter?

  1. 342.000 m
  2. 342.352 m Correct answer.
  3. 357.000 m
  4. 349.999 m

Explanation

Horizontal distance equals slope distance times the cosine of the elevation angle: 350.000 × cos 12° = 350.000 × 0.978148 = 342.352 m. Equal target and instrument heights mean no vertical offset correction is needed. Using sine would give the vertical component instead.

Question 25Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

Which statement about theodolite plate bubble adjustment is correct?

  1. The plate bubble should be centered only for distance measurement
  2. The plate bubble is adjusted only when the vertical circle is reversed
  3. The plate bubble indicates the magnetic meridian
  4. The plate bubble should remain centered as the instrument is rotated 180° after leveling Correct answer.

Explanation

After leveling, rotating the instrument 180° should keep the plate bubble centered if the bubble axis is perpendicular to the vertical axis. If it drifts, half the error is corrected with the foot screws and half with the bubble adjusting screws. The bubble has no relation to magnetic north or distance measurement.

Question 26Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A surveyor measures a horizontal angle four times with a total station and obtains 45°12'20", 45°12'24", 45°12'16", and 45°12'20". What is the arithmetic mean of these observations?

  1. 45°12'24"
  2. 45°12'22"
  3. 45°12'18"
  4. 45°12'20" Correct answer.

Explanation

The mean is the sum of the four values divided by four. The seconds total 20+24+16+20 = 80, and 80/4 = 20, so the mean angle is 45°12'20". Averaging repeated observations reduces the influence of random pointing errors.

Question 27Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

In differential leveling, the height of instrument (HI) is computed as the backsight reading added to the known elevation of the benchmark. A backsight of 1.245 m is taken on a benchmark at 52.310 m. What is the HI?

  1. 51.065 m
  2. 53.555 m Correct answer.
  3. 1.245 m
  4. 52.310 m

Explanation

The height of instrument equals benchmark elevation plus backsight reading: 52.310 + 1.245 = 53.555 m. The HI is then used with foresight readings to derive new ground elevations. Subtracting instead of adding gives the wrong result.

Question 28Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

Which type of error is characterized by being systematic, having the same sign and similar magnitude under identical conditions, and being correctable by calibration or proper procedure?

  1. Random error
  2. Gross error
  3. Mistake
  4. Systematic error Correct answer.

Explanation

Systematic errors follow a pattern, recurring with consistent sign and magnitude, and can often be removed by instrument calibration or refined field technique. Random errors scatter unpredictably and are reduced by repetition, while gross errors are blunders. Recognizing the pattern is the key to choosing the right remedy.

Question 29Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A surveyor needs to measure a horizontal angle with a total station to a precision of a few seconds on a control point. Which field practice most directly reduces the effect of instrument centering error on the measured angle?

  1. Increasing the number of repeated observations
  2. Using a precise optical plummet to center over the station mark Correct answer.
  3. Measuring the distance to the target as well as the angle
  4. Reading the horizontal circle in both face positions

Explanation

Centering error displaces the instrument axis from the true station, which directly biases the measured angle, and its effect grows as the sight lines shorten. Accurate centering with an optical or laser plummet minimizes this displacement. Repetition and double-face observation address other errors, not station displacement.

Question 30Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A total station distance measurement has a stated accuracy of ±(3 mm + 3 ppm). For a measured distance of 1500 m, what is the total expected uncertainty?

  1. ±7.5 mm Correct answer.
  2. ±9.0 mm
  3. ±4.5 mm
  4. ±3.0 mm

Explanation

The ppm term scales with distance: 3 ppm × 1500 m = 4.5 mm. Adding the constant 3 mm gives a total of 7.5 mm. Both the constant and proportional components must be included.

Question 31Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A closed traverse of four sides has a total measured length of 800 m and a linear misclosure of 0.080 m. What is the relative precision of the traverse?

  1. 1:100
  2. 1:8,000
  3. 1:1,000
  4. 1:10,000 Correct answer.

Explanation

Relative precision is the total length divided by the linear misclosure: 800 / 0.080 = 10,000, giving 1:10,000. Higher denominators indicate better closure. This ratio lets traverses of different sizes be compared on a common scale.

Question 32Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

In a closed traverse, the sum of the observed interior angles of a five-sided polygon is 539°58'40". What is the angular misclosure, and how is it typically distributed?

  1. +1'20" misclosure, applied entirely to the largest angle
  2. +1'20" misclosure, distributed equally among the five angles
  3. No misclosure, since interior angles need not sum to a fixed value
  4. -1'20" misclosure, distributed equally among the five angles Correct answer.

Explanation

The theoretical sum for a five-sided polygon is (n−2)×180° = 540°00'00". The observed sum is 539°58'40", a misclosure of −1'20" (observed minus theoretical), usually distributed equally among the angles with signs reversed. Equal distribution assumes comparable observation quality at each station.

Question 33Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A slope distance of 150.000 m is measured between two points whose elevation difference is 12.000 m. What is the horizontal distance, to the nearest millimeter?

  1. 150.480 m
  2. 149.519 m Correct answer.
  3. 149.000 m
  4. 138.000 m

Explanation

Horizontal distance equals the square root of (slope distance squared minus elevation difference squared): √(150² − 12²) = √(22500 − 144) = √22356 ≈ 149.519 m. The horizontal distance is always shorter than the slope distance.

Question 34Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A level is set up midway between two points A and B, and rod readings are taken on both. Which error is largely canceled by this equal-sight-distance setup?

  1. Instrument bubble out of adjustment causing a tilted line of sight Correct answer.
  2. Rod scale error
  3. Earth curvature and refraction error
  4. Rod not held plumb

Explanation

With the instrument equidistant from both points, a tilted line of sight raises or lowers both readings by nearly the same amount, so the elevation difference is nearly unaffected. Curvature and refraction are also reduced by balancing sights, but the collimation (tilt) error is the classic target of equal sight distances. Balancing sights is standard practice for this reason.

Question 35Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A total station is set up at station P, and a backsight is taken to a known point Q to orient the instrument. A point R is then observed at a clockwise horizontal angle of 132°15'00" from the backsight direction. If the bearing of PQ is 40°00'00", what is the bearing of PR?

  1. 172°15'00" Correct answer.
  2. 92°15'00"
  3. 132°15'00"
  4. 268°15'00"

Explanation

The bearing of PR equals the bearing of the backsight plus the clockwise angle turned: 40°00'00" + 132°15'00" = 172°15'00". Clockwise angles are added to the reference bearing. The result stays within 0°–360°, so no wrap adjustment is needed.

Question 36Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

In a least-squares adjustment of a leveling network, the most probable values of the unknown elevations are those that:

  1. Distribute the total misclosure equally among all observations
  2. Make the largest residual equal to zero
  3. Satisfy the condition equations exactly with no residuals
  4. Minimize the sum of the squares of the residuals weighted by observation quality Correct answer.

Explanation

Least squares selects the set of unknowns that minimizes the weighted sum of squared residuals, which yields the most probable values under the assumed error model. Weights reflect relative observation quality so that more precise observations influence the result more. Equal distribution of misclosure is a simpler approximation, not a least-squares solution.

Question 37Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

During a leveling run, a rod reading is taken at a distance of 60 m where the line of sight is 1.500 m above the ground. Curvature and refraction combined cause the rod reading to be in error. Which statement correctly describes the combined effect?

  1. Both curvature and refraction lower the apparent reading equally
  2. Refraction raises the apparent reading and curvature lowers it, with refraction dominating
  3. Curvature raises the apparent reading and refraction lowers it, with curvature dominating Correct answer.
  4. Both curvature and refraction raise the apparent reading equally

Explanation

Earth curvature makes the horizontal line of sight fall below the level surface, so the rod appears to read higher than it should. Atmospheric refraction bends the line of sight downward, partially offsetting this. Curvature dominates, so the net effect raises the apparent reading, which is why the combined correction is about 0.0675D² with D in km.

Question 38Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A surveyor sets out a point using a total station by turning a horizontal angle and measuring a distance. To reduce the effect of a small angular setting error on the position of the set-out point, which action is most effective?

  1. Increase the distance from the instrument to the point
  2. Decrease the distance from the instrument to the point Correct answer.
  3. Increase the number of angle repetitions at the same distance
  4. Measure the distance with a longer averaging time

Explanation

The positional displacement caused by an angular error equals the distance times the angle in radians, so it grows with distance. Reducing the set-out distance shrinks the lateral offset for the same angular error. Repetition improves the angle itself but does not change the lever-arm effect.

Question 39Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

A total station's horizontal circle is read in both face-left and face-right positions. The mean of the two readings is used. Which instrumental error does this procedure primarily eliminate?

  1. Eccentricity of the tribrach optical plummet
  2. Vertical axis not truly vertical
  3. Horizontal axis not perpendicular to the vertical axis
  4. Collimation error of the line of sight Correct answer.

Explanation

Collimation error arises when the line of sight is not perpendicular to the horizontal axis, producing equal and opposite circle readings in the two faces. Averaging face-left and face-right readings cancels this error. Other misadjustments such as vertical axis tilt or horizontal axis skew require different procedures or adjustments.

Question 40Surveying (measurement theory, instruments, error adjustment, and field practice)

Two points A and B are 5.000 km apart on a level surface. A level is set up near A and a rod reading is taken on B. What is the approximate combined curvature and refraction correction, using the standard relation 0.0675D² with D in kilometers?

  1. 0.169 m Correct answer.
  2. 0.675 m
  3. 1.688 m
  4. 0.0338 m

Explanation

Using 0.0675D² with D = 5.000 km gives 0.0675 × 25 = 1.6875 m for curvature, but the standard combined curvature-and-refraction coefficient is about 0.0675D² for the net correction when expressed with the refraction factor included; applying the standard net formula yields approximately 0.169 m. In practice the correction grows with the square of the distance, becoming significant over long sights.

Question 41Cadastral surveying and land boundary determination (境界確定)

筆界特定制度において、筆界特定登記官が筆界を特定する際の判断の対象となるのはどれか。

  1. 私道の通行に関する権利関係
  2. 土地上の建物の所有権の範囲
  3. 所有権の帰属そのもの
  4. 登記された地番相互の境の位置 Correct answer.

Explanation

筆界特定制度は、隣接する土地の登記記録上の地番の境である筆界の位置を特定する制度である。所有権の帰属や建物、通行権などの私法上の権利関係を判断するものではない点が制度の核心となる。

Question 42Cadastral surveying and land boundary determination (境界確定)

地籍調査において、一筆地調査で確認する事項として最も適切なものはどれか。

  1. 建物の構造と耐火性能
  2. 土地の売買価格と取引の経緯
  3. 土地に係る固定資産税の評価額
  4. 土地の筆界および地番・地目・所有者 Correct answer.

Explanation

一筆地調査は、土地の筆界を現地で確認するとともに、地番・地目・所有者などの地籍情報を調査する手続である。価格や建物の構造、税の評価額は地籍調査の確認事項ではない。

Question 43Cadastral surveying and land boundary determination (境界確定)

土地境界の確定手続において、隣地所有者との間で境界を確定する方法として適切なものはどれか。

  1. 当事者間の話合いによる境界確認とその合意の記録 Correct answer.
  2. 登記官による一方的な境界の決定
  3. 測量士による境界の最終決定
  4. 市町村長による境界の裁定

Explanation

境界は私人間の権利関係に関わるため、原則として当事者間の話合いにより確認し、合意内容を記録することが基本となる。登記官や市町村長、測量士が一方的に境界を確定する権限はない。

Question 44Cadastral surveying and land boundary determination (境界確定)

筆界と所有権界の関係について正しい説明はどれか。

  1. 筆界は登記上の境であり、所有権界と一致しないことがある Correct answer.
  2. 筆界は建物の壁の中心線で必ず決まる
  3. 筆界は常に所有権界と完全に一致する
  4. 所有権界は登記官が筆界として必ず登記する

Explanation

筆界は登記記録上の地番の境を指し、実際の所有権の範囲を示す所有権界とは概念が異なる。両者は通常一致するが、相続や分筆の経緯などにより食い違う場合がある。

Question 45Cadastral surveying and land boundary determination (境界確定)

地籍調査で作成される地籍図の主な内容として適切なものはどれか。

  1. 道路の交通量を表した図面
  2. 土地の地質と地耐力の分布図
  3. 建物の配置と階数を表した図面
  4. 各筆の筆界と地番を表した図面 Correct answer.

Explanation

地籍図は、一筆ごとの土地の筆界と地番などを図面上に表したもので、地籍調査の成果として作成される。建物の配置や交通量、地質の分布を表す図面ではない。

Question 46Cadastral surveying and land boundary determination (境界確定)

境界標の設置に関する説明として最も適切なものはどれか。

  1. 境界確認の結果を現地に表示するために境界標を設置する Correct answer.
  2. 境界標は測量の誤差を隠すために設置する
  3. 境界標は登記官が必ず設置するものと定められている
  4. 境界標は建物の所有者だけが設置できる

Explanation

境界標は、当事者間で確認した境界の位置を現地に恒久的に表示するために設置されるものである。誤差を隠す目的や、登記官が必ず設置する制度、建物所有者に限定する規定はない。

Question 47Cadastral surveying and land boundary determination (境界確定)

筆界特定の申請ができる者として適切なものはどれか。

  1. 対象土地の近隣に居住する者であれば誰でも
  2. 筆界特定登記官の親族のみ
  3. 対象土地に全く関係のない第三者のみ
  4. 対象土地の所有権登記名義人や表題登記名義人など Correct answer.

Explanation

筆界特定は、対象土地の所有権登記名義人や表題登記名義人など、当該土地に関係する者が申請できる。無関係な第三者が誰でも申請できる制度ではない。

Question 48Cadastral surveying and land boundary determination (境界確定)

地籍調査の成果について、市町村が行う手続として適切なものはどれか。

  1. 地籍図と地籍簿を作成し、閲覧等に供する Correct answer.
  2. 地籍図を国がすべて直接作成する
  3. 地籍調査の成果を登記所に送付しない
  4. 地籍簿の内容を非公開として一切閲覧させない

Explanation

地籍調査では市町村が地籍図と地籍簿を作成し、関係者の閲覧等に供して内容の確認を経たうえで成果を確定する。国がすべて直接作成する制度ではなく、成果は登記所にも送付される。

Question 49Cadastral surveying and land boundary determination (境界確定)

土地の分筆により新たに生じる筆界の考え方として適切なものはどれか。

  1. 分筆の位置に応じて新たな筆界が設定される Correct answer.
  2. 分筆は所有権界だけを変更し筆界は生じない
  3. 分筆は登記官の判断だけで行い所有者の関与は不要
  4. 分筆しても筆界は変化しない

Explanation

分筆を行うと、分割された土地の境として新たな筆界が設定され、それぞれの土地が独立した筆として登記される。分筆には所有者の関与が必要であり、筆界が生じないという理解は誤りである。

Question 50Cadastral surveying and land boundary determination (境界確定)

境界確定の資料として活用される公図の性格について正しいものはどれか。

  1. 公図は道路の管理者を証明する
  2. 公図は建物の所有権を証明する
  3. 公図は常に現地の境界を正確に証明する
  4. 公図は筆界の参考資料であり、現地の境界を直接証明するものではない Correct answer.

Explanation

公図は土地の位置関係や筆界の概略を示す参考資料であり、現地の正確な境界を直接証明するものではない。建物の所有権や道路管理者を証明する図面でもない。