Kazakhstan Driving Theory Test key terms

The binding set of norms adopted in Kazakhstan that govern how drivers, pedestrians and passengers must behave on public roads; knowledge of them is required to obtain and keep a driving licence.

Any person taking part in traffic, including drivers, passengers, pedestrians, cyclists and persons driving animals; each category has its own duties and protections under the rules.

A person operating a vehicle, including a learner under instruction, a motorcyclist and a person driving a herd or pack animals; the driver is responsible for the vehicle's condition and compliance with the rules.

The official document of the established category confirming the right to drive a vehicle; the driver must carry it while driving and present it on request to authorised officials.

Document confirming that the vehicle is registered with the state authorities and linking it to its owner; it must be carried in the vehicle and shown when a police officer asks for it.

Document proving the vehicle owner's civil liability is insured against harm caused to third parties; driving without valid compulsory motor third-party liability insurance is an offence.

A graphic panel installed beside or above the roadway that informs, warns, orders or prohibits; signs are grouped into warning, priority, prohibitory, mandatory, information, service and supplementary categories.

A sign, generally triangular with a red border, that alerts drivers in advance to a hazard such as a curve, junction, pedestrian crossing or uneven surface, requiring reduced speed and caution.

A sign that determines the order in which vehicles pass through a junction or narrow section, for example giving way, main road or oncoming traffic advantage; it overrides the general default rules.

A sign, usually round with a red border, that forbids a manoeuvre or condition such as entry, overtaking, stopping, parking or exceeding a stated speed; its restriction ends at the indicated point.

A round blue sign that prescribes a direction, lane, minimum speed or a class of vehicle permitted; failing to follow a mandatory sign is a traffic violation.

Lines, arrows, words and symbols painted or otherwise applied on the road surface; markings are white, yellow, blue or red and supplement or clarify the meaning of signs and signals.

A continuous longitudinal marking that may not be crossed; it separates opposing traffic or marks the edge of the carriageway and crossing it is a serious violation.

A longitudinal marking made of short dashes that may be crossed when it is safe to do so, for example to change lane, overtake or turn; near junctions the dashes become denser.

Signal device using red, yellow and green lights to regulate the order of movement; round signals apply to all, while arrow sections and additional sections apply only to the directions they show.

A signal meaning that the junction is uncontrolled and drivers must proceed guided by road signs, markings and the general priority rules; it warns of a hazard rather than granting right-of-way.

An authorised official who directs traffic with hand and arm positions; the driver must obey these signals even when they contradict traffic lights or signs, and may resume movement only after the signal ends.

The entitlement to move first through a conflict point; a driver who does not hold it must give way, meaning not to start, continue or resume movement if this would force others to change speed or direction.

To refrain from starting, continuing or resuming movement when doing so would oblige other road users who have priority to brake or swerve; it is not the same as stopping completely.

Rule for oncoming traffic in a narrow section: when passing is difficult, the driver on whose side the obstruction lies must give way to oncoming vehicles, unless signs or markings indicate otherwise.

The maximum speed permitted on a given road or section, set by the rules or by a sign; the driver must also reduce speed to a level allowing a safe stop in the conditions actually present.

A speed that allows the driver to stop within the visible distance and to keep control of the vehicle, taking into account weather, road surface, visibility, traffic and the load being carried.

The total distance travelled from the moment the driver perceives a hazard until the vehicle comes to rest; it combines the reaction distance with the braking distance and grows with speed.

The gap a driver keeps to the vehicle ahead; it must be enough to avoid a collision if that vehicle brakes suddenly, and it increases with speed, poor visibility and slippery surfaces.

Passing a moving vehicle by entering an adjacent lane or the oncoming side of the road; it is forbidden at pedestrian crossings, on railway crossings, at junctions, on blind rises and where signs or markings prohibit it.

A longitudinal strip of carriageway wide enough for a single line of moving vehicles, marked or not; drivers keep to the rightmost free lane unless overtaking, turning or preparing to do so.

Moving from one lane to another; the driver must signal in advance, check mirrors and blind spots, and give way to vehicles already in the lane being entered.

A place where a road crosses railway tracks at the same level; drivers must approach at reduced speed, stop before the barriers or stop line when required and never enter if the exit is blocked.

A movable boom at a railway crossing that closes the road when a train approaches; a closed or closing barrier must never be bypassed, and movement is also forbidden when the signal sounds or flashes.

A transverse road marking indicating the exact place where a driver must stop when required by a traffic light, sign, signaler or barrier; stopping beyond it is a violation.

A junction without working traffic lights or where only a flashing amber light operates; drivers apply priority signs, then the equal-road rule and the right-hand interference rule.

A junction where traffic circulates around a central island; unless signs indicate otherwise, a driver entering must give way to vehicles already on the roundabout.

A section of carriageway marked for pedestrians to cross, indicated by signs and zebra markings; drivers must give way to pedestrians on it and must not overtake vehicles stopped before it.

A person travelling on foot, including users of wheelchairs and persons pushing a bicycle or cart; pedestrians must use pavements and crossings and obey signals where provided.

Vehicles approaching from the opposite direction on the same carriageway; drivers must keep to the right of the centre line and must not obstruct them when passing a narrow section.

Periodic check that a vehicle meets the required safety and environmental standards; a valid inspection is a condition for lawful use of the vehicle on public roads.

The system that slows and stops the vehicle; it must be fully functional, with no leaks or excessive pedal travel, because a faulty brake makes driving prohibited.

The height of the pattern on a tyre; insufficient tread reduces grip on wet roads, and tyres worn below the permitted minimum or damaged must be replaced before driving.

Restraint that keeps occupants in place during a collision; the driver and all passengers must wear them where fitted, and children must use an appropriate child restraint.

Immediate help given to an injured person before medical services arrive, including stopping bleeding, restoring breathing and preventing shock; it must not replace calling emergency services.

Notification of the emergency services about a crash or injury, giving location, number of casualties and hazards; it should be made before or while first aid is being given.

An event involving a vehicle in motion that causes injury, death or property damage; the driver must stop, warn other traffic, help the injured and report the event to the police.

An authorised official empowered to stop vehicles, check documents and direct traffic; the driver must comply with lawful demands and may not leave the scene when instructed to stay.