VMBO KB Biologie study plan

Label the parts of an animal cell and a plant cell on a blank diagram and state the function of each part in one sentence

Explain the difference between a cell, a tissue, an organ and an organ system using one concrete example from the human body

Describe how substances move into and out of a cell by diffusion and osmosis, and predict what happens to a plant cell in pure water versus salt water

Draw and label the parts of a microscope and put the steps for making a wet mount slide in the correct order

Trace the path of food through the digestive system and name the enzyme that acts at each stage

Explain how villi in the small intestine are built for absorption and link their shape to their function

Describe how breathing and blood circulation work together to supply oxygen to muscles during exercise

Compare the composition of inhaled and exhaled air and explain the difference using combustion in cells

Explain how the body regulates temperature and blood sugar and name the organ that senses each change

Distinguish between bacteria, viruses and fungi and state one disease caused by each and how it spreads

Explain how vaccination works and why antibiotics do not help against a viral infection

Describe the effects of smoking, alcohol and too little sleep on the heart, lungs and brain

Label the parts of a flower and explain how pollination and fertilisation lead to fruit and seed formation

Describe photosynthesis and respiration in a plant and state in which organs each process mainly happens

Explain how the roots, stem and leaves of a plant are adapted to their function and how water and minerals are transported

Classify ten given animals into vertebrates and invertebrates and justify each choice with two features

Describe how an organism is adapted to its habitat and give one plant and one animal adaptation for dry, wet and cold conditions

Explain the difference between a food chain and a food web and place organisms in the correct trophic level

Explain what happens to a food web when one species disappears or is added, including the effect on numbers

Distinguish between a producer, a consumer and a decomposer and describe the role of decomposers in recycling nutrients

Explain how energy and matter move through an ecosystem and why energy is lost at each step

Describe the causes and consequences of eutrophication, acid rain and plastic pollution and name one measure for each

Explain the difference between a gene, a chromosome and DNA and describe how a characteristic is inherited from both parents

Predict offspring ratios from a simple monohybrid cross using a Punnett square, including dominant and recessive traits

Explain natural selection using a worked example and distinguish it from the idea that individuals adapt on purpose

Describe how fossils and DNA comparisons provide evidence for evolution and common descent

Design a fair test for a biological question by naming the variable changed, the variable measured and the variables kept the same

Read a table or graph of results and draw a conclusion that is supported by the data, including one limitation of the method

Answer a full-length practice paper under timed conditions and mark it against the answer key

List your five weakest topics from the practice paper and re-study each one with a short summary sheet

Practise at least ten exam questions that ask you to explain, compare or predict, and check that each answer names the cause and the effect

Recite the key terms per domain from memory and correct any term you cannot define