Lok Sewa Kharidar flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Federal capital of Nepal

Kathmandu is the federal capital of Nepal, located in Bagmati Province. Nepal has seven provinces and 77 districts under the 2015 Constitution.

Height of Mount Everest

Mount Everest (Sagarmatha) is 8,848.86 metres, jointly announced by Nepal and China in December 2020. It is the world's highest peak, on the Nepal–China border.

Nepal UN membership

Nepal joined the United Nations in 1955. It is also a founding member of SAARC, whose permanent Secretariat is located in Kathmandu.

Nepal Constitution promulgation date

Nepal's Constitution was promulgated on 20 September 2015, corresponding to 3 Ashoj 2072 BS, by the second Constituent Assembly, replacing the Interim Constitution of 2007.

Nepali vowel and consonant count

Standard Nepali grammar recognises 11 vowels (स्वर) and 33 consonants (व्यञ्जन). Vowel signs called मात्रा are attached to consonants in Devanagari script.

Nepali case markers

Nepali shows case through postpositions rather than stem changes: ले for agent or instrument, लाई for object, बाट for source, मा for location, and को/का/की for possession.

Sandhi in Nepali

Sandhi is the joining of sounds at word boundaries. For example, विद्या + आलय becomes विद्यालय, illustrating दीर्घ स्वर सन्धि where similar vowels merge.

Nepali plural marker

Nepali marks plurality with the suffix -हरू on nouns, as in किताब → किताबहरू. Verb forms also change, for example छ becomes छन् with plural subjects.

English perfect tense formation

Perfect tenses use has, have or had plus the past participle: present perfect 'has gone', past perfect 'had gone', future perfect 'will have gone'.

Subject-verb agreement with or

With 'either...or' and 'neither...nor', the verb agrees with the subject nearer to it. Indefinite pronouns such as everyone, each and neither take singular verbs.

Third conditional structure

The third conditional expresses unreal past situations: if + had + past participle, then would have + past participle, as in 'If he had studied, he would have passed.'

Since versus for

Use 'since' with a specific starting point in time, such as since 2015 or since Monday. Use 'for' with a duration, such as for three years.

Successive percentage change formula

Two successive changes of a percent and b percent produce a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent. A 20 percent rise then 20 percent fall gives a 4 percent net fall.

Compound interest formula

Compound interest amount equals P(1 + R/100)^T, where P is principal, R the annual rate and T the time in years. Interest is the amount minus principal.

Average speed equal distances

When equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, average speed is 2xy/(x + y), the harmonic mean, not the simple arithmetic average of the two speeds.

Work done together formula

If A alone finishes work in a days and B in b days, together they take ab/(a + b) days. This follows from adding their individual one-day work rates.

LCM and HCF product rule

For two positive integers, LCM × HCF equals the product of the numbers. Use HCF for greatest-divisor problems and LCM for least-common-multiple problems.

Profit percent base

Profit or loss percent is always calculated on cost price: Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100. Selling price equals CP × (100 + profit%)/100.

Universal red cell donor

Under the ABO and Rh blood group systems, O negative red cells are the universal donor and AB positive the universal recipient, because of antigen and antibody compatibility.

Photosynthesis equation

Photosynthesis converts 6CO₂ + 6H₂O plus light energy into C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂. It takes place in chloroplasts containing chlorophyll, mainly in leaf cells.

Ohm's law

Ohm's law states that V = IR, where V is voltage in volts, I current in amperes and R resistance in ohms, for a conductor at constant temperature.

Malaria transmission

Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Dengue, by contrast, is viral and spread by Aedes.

Vitamin deficiency diseases

Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, vitamin C deficiency scurvy, vitamin D deficiency rickets, and iodine deficiency goitre. Iron deficiency leads to anaemia.

Tiers of Nepal government

Nepal has three tiers of government: federal, provincial and local. Their powers are divided in Schedules 5 to 9 of the 2015 Constitution.

Number of local levels

Nepal has 753 local levels: 6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities and 460 rural municipalities, each with an elected mayor or chair.

Public Service Commission role

Nepal's Public Service Commission, provided for in Article 242 of the Constitution, conducts competitive examinations and recommends candidates for civil service appointment on merit.

Three organs of state

The legislature makes laws, the executive implements them, and the judiciary adjudicates disputes. In Nepal the Supreme Court is the apex court and guardian of the Constitution.

Darta and Chalan registers

In Nepali office practice, incoming letters are recorded in the darta (receipt) register and outgoing letters in the chalan (dispatch) register, each with a serial number.

Memory unit conversions

One byte equals 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB and 1 TB = 1024 GB. RAM is primary memory and a hard disk is secondary storage.

Email Cc versus Bcc

Cc (carbon copy) recipients are visible to all recipients. Bcc (blind carbon copy) recipients are hidden from others, useful for protecting addresses in bulk mail.

Common Word shortcuts

In Microsoft Word, Ctrl+S saves, Ctrl+P prints, Ctrl+C copies, Ctrl+V pastes, Ctrl+Z undoes and Ctrl+F opens Find. Excel formulas begin with an equals sign.

Circular versus memorandum

A circular is official correspondence sent to many recipients at once on the same subject. A memorandum is internal, brief and usually records instructions or decisions within an office.