Lok Sewa Kharidar key terms

A constitutional body under Article 242 of the Constitution of Nepal that conducts open competitive examinations and recommends candidates for appointment to civil service posts.

The Civil Service Act of 1992 that governs recruitment, promotion, transfer, discipline and service conditions of Nepal's civil servants, and is the legal basis for most Kharidar vacancy procedures.

Temporary assignment of a civil servant to another post or office, either in the interest of the service or at the employee's request, without permanent transfer of the post.

Promotion of an employee to a higher post or class, granted in Nepal's civil service on the basis of seniority, performance appraisal, or internal competitive examination as prescribed by law.

The annual written evaluation of a civil servant's work by the supervising officer, recorded in a confidential report and used for promotion, transfer and training decisions.

The official gazette of the Government of Nepal in which acts, ordinances, rules, appointments, and public notices are published; publication there gives legal effect to government decisions.

A government publication supplementary to the Nepal Gazette, used for notices, tender announcements and appointments that do not require formal gazette publication but must be publicly circulated.

A formal application submitted by a candidate for a advertised government post, along with the prescribed fee and documents, within the deadline stated in the vacancy notice.

The full sequence of steps for filling a government vacancy: advertisement, application collection, written examination, interview, recommendation by the Public Service Commission, and appointment.

An official notice issued by a government office to inform the public or employees about vacancies, meetings, decisions, or deadlines; in office practice it is registered and filed as a record.

The office register that records outgoing letters and documents, noting the dispatch number, date, addressee and subject so that correspondence can be traced later.

The inward registration of letters and documents received by an office, assigning a serial number and date so that each item enters the official record and can be tracked until disposal.

A written note prepared by a subordinate officer on a file, summarizing the matter, relevant rules and options, and proposing a decision for the approving authority.

The folder or bundle in which an office keeps all papers relating to one subject or case, arranged chronologically and preserved as evidence of decisions taken.

Official records and documents preserved by an office for legal, administrative or historical purposes, maintained according to retention schedules and protected from loss or unauthorized access.

The officer heading an office, responsible for supervising staff, approving files, enforcing discipline, and ensuring that the office's work is carried out according to law and procedure.

The duty or accountability attached to a post or office-holder; in public administration it implies answering for the proper use of authority and resources entrusted to that position.

The process and institutions through which public authority is exercised to manage a country's affairs, including law-making, policy implementation, and delivery of public services.

Good governance: the conduct of public affairs with transparency, accountability, rule of law, participation, responsiveness and efficiency, so that citizens' rights and needs are served.

Accountability: the obligation of public officials to explain and justify their decisions and actions to superiors, oversight bodies and the public, and to accept consequences for misuse of authority.

Transparency: the practice of making government decisions, budgets, procedures and information open and accessible, so that citizens can scrutinize how public power and money are used.

The right to information, guaranteed by Nepal's Right to Information Act, 2064, allowing citizens to request and receive information held by public bodies within a fixed time.

Inclusion: the policy of ensuring representation of women, indigenous nationalities, Madhesis, Dalits, persons with disabilities and backward regions in state bodies and public services.

Reservation: a legally fixed share of posts or seats set aside for specified groups such as women, Dalits, indigenous nationalities and Madhesis, to correct historical exclusion.

Federalism: the division of state power among federal, provincial and local governments as established by the Constitution of Nepal, 2072, each level having defined exclusive and concurrent powers.

The local level of government in Nepal, comprising municipalities and rural municipalities, empowered to make laws, collect revenue and deliver services within their jurisdiction.

The judiciary: the branch of government that interprets laws and settles disputes, headed in Nepal by the Supreme Court, with High Courts and District Courts below it.

The legislature: the law-making body. In Nepal's federal parliament it consists of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, which also approve budgets and oversee the executive.

The executive: the branch that implements laws and runs government, comprising the President, Council of Ministers and the administrative machinery of ministries and departments.

The annual statement of estimated government revenue and expenditure presented to parliament, which authorizes ministries to spend public funds for specified purposes during the fiscal year.

Audit: the independent examination of an office's accounts and financial transactions, in Nepal carried out by the Office of the Auditor General, to check legality, accuracy and economy.

Corruption: the abuse of public office for private gain, including bribery, embezzlement, nepotism and misuse of authority, investigated in Nepal by the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority.

The Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, a constitutional anti-corruption body empowered to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption and misuse of authority by public officials.

The fundamental law of a state that establishes its institutions, distributes powers, and guarantees citizens' rights; all other laws must conform to it. Nepal's current constitution dates from 2072 BS.

Fundamental rights: basic rights guaranteed to citizens by the constitution, such as equality, freedom of expression, education and health, enforceable through the courts.

A contract or agreement between parties creating enforceable obligations; in public service it also refers to appointment on a fixed-term contract basis rather than a permanent post.

A procedure or working method: the prescribed step-by-step process an office must follow to complete a task, ensuring consistency, legality and fair treatment of service seekers.