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Question 1General Education

Each of the students ___ required to submit a project before Friday.

  1. have been
  2. is Correct answer.
  3. are
  4. were

Explanation

The subject of the sentence is 'Each,' an indefinite pronoun that is always singular, so it takes a singular verb. The phrase 'of the students' does not change the number of the subject. In the present tense, a singular subject takes 'is.'

Question 2General Education

A shirt priced at 800 pesos is on sale at a 25% discount. What is the sale price?

  1. 650 pesos
  2. 625 pesos
  3. 550 pesos
  4. 600 pesos Correct answer.

Explanation

The discount is 25% of 800, which equals 200 pesos. Subtracting the discount from the original price gives 800 - 200 = 600 pesos. Equivalently, the sale price is 75% of 800.

Question 3General Education

Which gas is released into the atmosphere by plants during photosynthesis?

  1. Oxygen Correct answer.
  2. Nitrogen
  3. Carbon dioxide
  4. Hydrogen

Explanation

In photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose, and oxygen is released as a by-product. The oxygen comes from the splitting of water molecules in the light-dependent reactions. Carbon dioxide is taken in, not released.

Question 4General Education

Who served as the first President of the Malolos Republic?

  1. Jose P. Laurel
  2. Emilio Aguinaldo Correct answer.
  3. Manuel L. Quezon
  4. Andres Bonifacio

Explanation

Emilio Aguinaldo headed the revolutionary government and was inaugurated as President of the First Philippine Republic at Malolos in 1899. Quezon led the Commonwealth, and Laurel headed the wartime republic under Japan. Bonifacio led the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangan Katipunan.

Question 5General Education

Anong tayutay ang ginamit sa pangungusap na "Ang mga mata ni Ana ay bituin sa kalangitan"?

  1. Pagmamalabis
  2. Personipikasyon
  3. Pagwawangis Correct answer.
  4. Pagtutulad

Explanation

Ang pagwawangis ay tuwirang paghahambing na hindi gumagamit ng mga salitang 'tulad ng,' 'parang,' o 'kasing.' Sa halimbawa, direktang inihahambing ang mga mata sa bituin nang walang panandang paghahambing.

Question 6General Education

Choose the word closest in meaning to "meticulous."

  1. Careless
  2. Hasty
  3. Thorough Correct answer.
  4. Idle

Explanation

'Meticulous' describes someone who shows great attention to detail, which matches 'thorough.' The other choices suggest the opposite of carefulness or effort.

Question 7General Education

What is the least common multiple of 6 and 8?

  1. 12
  2. 16
  3. 48
  4. 24 Correct answer.

Explanation

List multiples of 6 (6, 12, 18, 24) and of 8 (8, 16, 24). The smallest number appearing in both lists is 24. The LCM must be a multiple of both numbers.

Question 8General Education

In which layer of the atmosphere is the ozone layer mainly found?

  1. Troposphere
  2. Mesosphere
  3. Stratosphere Correct answer.
  4. Thermosphere

Explanation

Most atmospheric ozone is concentrated in the stratosphere, where it absorbs much of the sun's ultraviolet radiation. Weather and clouds occur in the troposphere, below the ozone layer.

Question 9General Education

Between you and ___, the plan seems far too risky.

  1. me Correct answer.
  2. myself
  3. I
  4. mine

Explanation

A pronoun following a preposition such as 'between' must be in the objective case, so 'me' is correct. 'I' is the subjective form and cannot serve as the object of a preposition.

Question 10General Education

If 3x + 5 = 20, what is the value of x?

  1. 15
  2. 7
  3. 5 Correct answer.
  4. 3

Explanation

Subtract 5 from both sides to get 3x = 15, then divide both sides by 3 to get x = 5. Checking: 3(5) + 5 = 20.

Question 11General Education

A passenger continues to lurch forward when a bus suddenly stops. Which law of motion explains this?

  1. Law of inertia Correct answer.
  2. Law of action and reaction
  3. Law of universal gravitation
  4. Law of acceleration

Explanation

The law of inertia states that an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a net external force. When the bus stops, the passenger's body tends to keep moving forward. This is Newton's first law of motion.

Question 12General Education

Which branch of the Philippine government has the power to declare a law unconstitutional?

  1. Executive
  2. Judiciary Correct answer.
  3. Legislative
  4. Local government

Explanation

Judicial review, the power to strike down acts that violate the Constitution, belongs to the courts, which comprise the judiciary. The executive implements laws while the legislature enacts them.

Question 13General Education

Alin sa mga sumusunod ang pandiwa sa pangungusap na "Mabilis na tumakbo ang bata"?

  1. mabilis
  2. ang
  3. tumakbo Correct answer.
  4. bata

Explanation

Ang pandiwa ay salitang nagpapahayag ng kilos o aksyon. Sa pangungusap, ang 'tumakbo' ang nagsasaad ng kilos na ginawa ng bata. Ang 'mabilis' ay pang-abay na naglalarawan sa kilos.

Question 14General Education

"The wind whispered through the trees" is an example of which figure of speech?

  1. Simile
  2. Personification Correct answer.
  3. Hyperbole
  4. Metaphor

Explanation

Personification gives human qualities or actions to nonhuman things; whispering is a human action attributed to the wind. A simile would require 'like' or 'as,' and hyperbole would involve exaggeration.

Question 15General Education

Two angles of a triangle measure 45° and 65°. What is the measure of the third angle?

  1. 70° Correct answer.
  2. 65°
  3. 80°
  4. 60°

Explanation

The interior angles of a triangle always sum to 180°. Subtracting the known angles gives 180 - 45 - 65 = 70°.

Question 16General Education

Which cell organelle is referred to as the powerhouse of the cell?

  1. Nucleus
  2. Mitochondrion Correct answer.
  3. Chloroplast
  4. Ribosome

Explanation

Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration, converting glucose into usable ATP energy, which earns them the nickname powerhouse. Ribosomes build proteins, and the nucleus stores genetic material.

Question 17General Education

The Philippines was a founding member of which regional organization established in 1967?

  1. ASEAN Correct answer.
  2. European Union
  3. APEC
  4. United Nations

Explanation

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations was founded in Bangkok in 1967 with the Philippines as one of its five original members. APEC began in 1989, and the United Nations was founded in 1945.

Question 18General Education

Which nutrient group is the body's primary and most quickly used source of energy?

  1. Carbohydrates Correct answer.
  2. Vitamins
  3. Minerals
  4. Proteins

Explanation

Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which cells use readily for energy. Proteins serve mainly for growth and repair, while vitamins and minerals regulate body processes without supplying energy.

Question 19General Education

Marta glanced at the dark clouds, picked up her umbrella, and hurried out the door. What can be inferred from this sentence?

  1. She forgot her keys.
  2. She plans to stay home all day.
  3. She is going to the beach.
  4. It is likely to rain. Correct answer.

Explanation

An inference is a conclusion drawn from clues rather than stated directly. The dark clouds and the umbrella together strongly suggest that rain is expected.

Question 20General Education

If 4 notebooks cost 120 pesos, how much will 7 notebooks cost at the same rate?

  1. 210 pesos Correct answer.
  2. 200 pesos
  3. 180 pesos
  4. 190 pesos

Explanation

Set up the proportion 4/120 = 7/x, or find the unit price of 120 ÷ 4 = 30 pesos per notebook. Multiplying 7 by 30 gives 210 pesos.

Question 21General Education

In a poem, a rose blooming in a ruined garden most likely functions as a symbol of which idea?

  1. The innocence of childhood
  2. Hope persisting amid destruction Correct answer.
  3. The dangers of ambition
  4. The fleeting value of wealth

Explanation

A symbol is an object that represents an abstract idea, and the contrast between a living rose and a ruined garden points to life and hope enduring after devastation. The other interpretations do not account for the ruin surrounding the flower.

Question 22General Education

A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random without replacement. What is the probability that both are red?

  1. 25/64
  2. 5/16
  3. 3/14
  4. 5/14 Correct answer.

Explanation

The probability that the first ball is red is 5/8, and with one red removed the second is 4/7. Multiplying gives 20/56, which simplifies to 5/14. Because drawing is without replacement, the second probability changes.

Question 23General Education

Two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt) are crossed. What fraction of the offspring is expected to be short?

  1. 1/4 Correct answer.
  2. 0
  3. 3/4
  4. 1/2

Explanation

A Tt × Tt cross yields genotypes TT, Tt, Tt, and tt in equal proportions. Only tt produces the recessive short phenotype, so 1 of 4 offspring, or 1/4, is expected to be short.

Question 24General Education

The Bill of Rights of the 1987 Philippine Constitution is found in which article?

  1. Article III Correct answer.
  2. Article I
  3. Article VI
  4. Article II

Explanation

Article III of the 1987 Constitution is titled the Bill of Rights and guarantees civil liberties such as due process and freedom of speech. Article I covers the national territory and Article II the declaration of principles.

Question 25General Education

Ano ang tawag sa kuwento tungkol sa mga diyos at diyosa ng isang kultura?

  1. Anekdota
  2. Alamat
  3. Mitolohiya Correct answer.
  4. Pabula

Explanation

Ang mitolohiya ay koleksyon ng mga kuwento tungkol sa mga diyos, diyosa, at kabayanihan na nagpapaliwanag ng pinagmulan ng mga bagay. Ang alamat ay tungkol sa pinagmulan ng isang lugar o bagay, at ang pabula ay gumagamit ng mga hayop bilang tauhan.

Question 26General Education

In the sentence 'The committee finally reached a consensus after hours of debate,' what does consensus mean?

  1. A sudden delay in the meeting
  2. General agreement among the members Correct answer.
  3. A formal complaint submitted to the chair
  4. Strong disagreement among the members

Explanation

Consensus means a shared agreement reached by a group. The phrase 'after hours of debate' signals that the members finally came to a common decision.

Question 27General Education

What is 15% of 240?

  1. 60
  2. 24
  3. 48
  4. 36 Correct answer.

Explanation

Fifteen percent is equivalent to 0.15, and 0.15 multiplied by 240 equals 36. It can also be computed as 10% of 240 plus 5% of 240, which is 24 plus 12.

Question 28General Education

Which planet is commonly called the Red Planet because of its reddish appearance?

  1. Jupiter
  2. Mars Correct answer.
  3. Venus
  4. Mercury

Explanation

Mars appears reddish because its surface contains iron oxide dust. This distinctive color is why it is commonly called the Red Planet.

Question 29General Education

Ano ang kasalungat ng salitang 'malawak'?

  1. makitid Correct answer.
  2. mababa
  3. malalim
  4. matarik

Explanation

Ang 'malawak' ay tumutukoy sa malaking lawak o lapad. Ang kasalungat nito ay 'makitid,' na nangangahulugang maliit ang lapad o saklaw.

Question 30General Education

Which document is considered the supreme law of the Philippines?

  1. The Civil Code
  2. The Local Government Code
  3. The Revised Penal Code
  4. The 1987 Constitution Correct answer.

Explanation

The Constitution is the fundamental law that establishes the structure of government and protects basic rights. Other laws and regulations must conform to it and cannot override it.

Question 31General Education

Choose the correct verb: 'The list of applicants ___ posted on the bulletin board.'

  1. is Correct answer.
  2. have been
  3. were
  4. are

Explanation

The subject of the sentence is the singular noun 'list,' not the plural noun 'applicants.' The prepositional phrase 'of applicants' does not change the number of the subject, so the singular verb 'is' is correct.

Question 32General Education

A rectangle has a length of 8 cm and a width of 5 cm. What is its perimeter?

  1. 20 cm
  2. 40 cm
  3. 26 cm Correct answer.
  4. 13 cm

Explanation

The perimeter of a rectangle is calculated as 2 times the sum of its length and width. Here, 2 times (8 + 5) equals 2 times 13, which is 26 cm.

Question 33General Education

What process do plants use to make food from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide?

  1. Photosynthesis Correct answer.
  2. Transpiration
  3. Digestion
  4. Respiration

Explanation

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. Respiration releases energy, while transpiration is water loss through leaves.

Question 34General Education

A recipe uses 3 cups of flour to make 12 cookies. At the same rate, how many cups of flour are needed to make 30 cookies?

  1. 7.5 cups Correct answer.
  2. 9 cups
  3. 10 cups
  4. 6 cups

Explanation

If 12 cookies require 3 cups, then each cookie requires 3 divided by 12, or 0.25 cup. Multiplying 30 cookies by 0.25 cup gives 7.5 cups.

Question 35General Education

Which sentence correctly shows that the projects belong to several students?

  1. The students's projects were displayed.
  2. The students projects were displayed.
  3. The student's' projects were displayed.
  4. The students' projects were displayed. Correct answer.

Explanation

The plural noun 'students' ends in s, so its possessive form takes an apostrophe after the s. The correct form is 'students',' meaning the projects belong to multiple students.

Question 36General Education

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  1. Pulmonary vein Correct answer.
  2. Aorta
  3. Pulmonary artery
  4. Superior vena cava

Explanation

The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. This is an exception to the general rule that veins carry deoxygenated blood.

Question 37General Education

Which principle divides government powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches?

  1. Judicial review
  2. Decentralization
  3. Checks and balances
  4. Separation of powers Correct answer.

Explanation

Separation of powers allocates lawmaking, execution, and adjudication to distinct branches of government. Checks and balances is related but refers to each branch restraining the others.

Question 38General Education

Alin ang pang-abay sa pangungusap na 'Maagang dumating ang guro'?

  1. ang
  2. guro
  3. dumating
  4. Maagang Correct answer.

Explanation

Ang 'maagang' ay naglalarawan sa pandiwang 'dumating' at nagsasabi kung kailan nangyari ang kilos. Dahil ito ay nagbibigay-turing sa pandiwa, ito ay pang-abay.

Question 39General Education

The average of five numbers is 18. If four of the numbers are 15, 20, 16, and 22, what is the fifth number?

  1. 17 Correct answer.
  2. 18
  3. 16
  4. 19

Explanation

If the average of five numbers is 18, their total sum is 5 times 18, or 90. The four given numbers add up to 73, so the fifth number is 90 minus 73, which is 17.

Question 40General Education

The hallway was silent, the lights were off, and every office door was locked. Which conclusion is best supported by these details?

  1. The workers were on strike.
  2. The building was likely empty. Correct answer.
  3. A fire had just started.
  4. A meeting was in progress.

Explanation

Silence, darkness, and locked doors together suggest that no people were present in the hallway or offices. The details do not provide evidence for a meeting, a fire, or a strike.

Question 41General Education

In a closed container, 10 g of reactant A reacts completely with 15 g of reactant B. What is the mass of the products formed?

  1. 15 g
  2. 25 g Correct answer.
  3. 5 g
  4. 10 g

Explanation

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. In a closed system, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products, so 10 g plus 15 g gives 25 g.

Question 42General Education

What is the primary purpose of taxation?

  1. To raise revenue for public services Correct answer.
  2. To choose elected officials
  3. To eliminate all private businesses
  4. To determine criminal guilt

Explanation

Taxes are mainly collected to fund government operations and public services such as education, health, and infrastructure. Other purposes may be secondary, but revenue generation is the primary function.

Question 43General Education

Using π = 22/7, what is the area of a circle with a radius of 7 cm?

  1. 308 cm²
  2. 616 cm²
  3. 154 cm² Correct answer.
  4. 44 cm²

Explanation

The area of a circle is π times the square of the radius. Using 22/7 for π and 7 cm for the radius gives (22/7) times 49, which equals 154 cm².

Question 44General Education

In the sentence 'She stayed home because it was raining,' which word is the conjunction?

  1. raining
  2. stayed
  3. She
  4. because Correct answer.

Explanation

A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses. In this sentence, 'because' connects the main clause 'She stayed home' with the reason clause 'it was raining.'

Question 45General Education

A wet towel dries faster on a windy day because moving air ____.

  1. increases humidity around the towel
  2. carries water vapor away from the towel Correct answer.
  3. lowers the towel's temperature only
  4. chemically reacts with the water

Explanation

Evaporation occurs faster when the air near the wet surface is replaced by drier air. Wind carries water vapor away, keeping the humidity near the towel lower and allowing more water to evaporate.

Question 46General Education

If log₂ x = 5, what is the value of x?

  1. 25
  2. 64
  3. 32 Correct answer.
  4. 10

Explanation

The equation log₂ x = 5 means that 2 raised to the fifth power equals x. Since 2⁵ = 32, the value of x is 32.

Question 47General Education

A solution has a pH of 3. How many times more acidic is it than a solution with a pH of 5?

  1. 2 times
  2. 100 times Correct answer.
  3. 1000 times
  4. 20 times

Explanation

The pH scale is logarithmic, so each one-unit decrease represents a tenfold increase in acidity. A difference of two pH units therefore means 10², or 100 times, greater acidity.

Question 48General Education

Which correction should be made to the sentence 'Neither the manager nor the employees was aware of the change'?

  1. Change 'aware' to 'awareness'
  2. Change 'Neither' to 'Either'
  3. Change 'employees' to 'employee'
  4. Change 'was' to 'were' Correct answer.

Explanation

With the correlative conjunction 'neither...nor,' the verb agrees with the subject nearer to it. The nearer subject is the plural noun 'employees,' so the verb should be 'were.'

Question 49General Education

Under the principle of jus sanguinis, how is citizenship primarily acquired?

  1. By birth within the country's territory
  2. By naturalization after long residence
  3. By descent from a citizen parent Correct answer.
  4. By marriage to a citizen

Explanation

Jus sanguinis means the 'right of blood,' so citizenship is acquired through descent from a parent who is a citizen. It is distinguished from jus soli, which bases citizenship on place of birth.

Question 50General Education

Ano ang tayutay sa pahayag na 'Ang buhay ay isang paglalakbay'?

  1. pagtutulad
  2. metapora Correct answer.
  3. personipikasyon
  4. pagmamalabis

Explanation

Ang metapora ay tuwirang paghahambing ng dalawang bagay na hindi gumagamit ng salitang 'tulad' o 'parang.' Sa pahayag, direktang inihahambing ang buhay sa isang paglalakbay.