SAP S/4HANA MM cheat sheet

Standard purchasing document types: NB = purchase order, UB = stock transport order, AN = request for quotation, AG = quotation, MK = quantity contract, WK = value contract, LP = scheduling agreement.

The document type controls the number range (internal or external interval), the field selection key (field reference), permitted item categories, tolerance limits for price/quantity, and whether texts and change documents are written.

Typical item categories: blank = standard, K = consignment, L = subcontracting, S = third-party, U = stock transport; the item category decides GR/IR relevance and whether a material number or a service is entered.

The account assignment category (K cost center, F order, P WBS element, A asset, C sales order) determines which account assignment fields are mandatory and derives the consumption account via GBB plus account modification.

Release procedure customizing sequence: create characteristics for class type 032 (purchasing) -> create class -> assign release group and strategy to the document type -> define release codes, release indicators and prerequisite codes; release with ME28/ME29N.

The GR-based invoice verification indicator on the PO item (defaulted from vendor master or info record) requires a goods receipt to exist before an invoice can be posted for that item.

Field selection in purchasing documents is controlled by the field reference key stored in the document type: fields are suppressed, display-only, required or optional; the account assignment category further restricts entry.

Messages/output for purchasing documents are determined by message type (for example NEU for purchase orders) together with the output medium (print, EDI, email) in Customizing for output determination.

Goods receipt movement types: 101 into unrestricted stock, 103 into blocked stock, 105 release from blocked to unrestricted; 102 and 104 are the corresponding reversals and reduce the PO history quantity.

Consumption and adjustment movement types: 201 to cost center/order, 261 to production order, 551 scrapping, 561 initial stock entry, 501 receipt without purchase order, 701 gain and 702 loss for inventory differences.

Transfer postings: 301/302 plant to plant (same company code), 311/312 storage location to storage location, 321 from quality inspection to unrestricted; no billing document is created.

Special stock indicators must be entered with the movement: K = vendor consignment, O = stock provided to vendor (subcontracting), E = sales order stock, Q = project stock.

Physical inventory procedures: periodic (annual) inventory, continuous inventory per storage location, cycle counting driven by the cycle counting indicator in the material master, and statistical inventory sampling.

Count processing: MI01 create count document (sets posting block) -> MI04/MI05 enter counts -> MI07 post differences, creating an inventory difference document and posting to the inventory difference account.

Count tolerances (maximum absolute difference and percentage) are defined per material and plant; a zero count must be explicitly confirmed with the zero-count indicator before the document can be posted.

Inventory sampling only adjusts the counted sample items; if the sample differences exceed the defined limits the sampling is rejected and a complete physical inventory becomes necessary.

Core transactions: MIRO enter invoice, MIR7 park invoice, MIR4 display, MIR6 invoice overview, MR8M cancel invoice, MRBR release blocked invoices, MR11 maintain/clear the GR/IR account.

Tolerance keys are maintained per company code: AN absolute amount, AP percentage, BD absolute small difference, BR percentage small difference, BW/DQ quantity variance, DW delivery date variance; exceeding a tolerance blocks the invoice.

Blocking reasons are customizable; an invoice blocked for price, quantity, date or quality variance must be released manually with MRBR or by an authorized workflow before payment.

Balance rule: the invoice gross amount must equal the sum of item amounts plus tax; MIRO requires the balance field to be zero before the document can be posted.

The GR/IR clearing account (transaction key WRX) is debited at goods receipt and credited at invoice receipt; residuals caused by quantity or price deviations are cleared via MR11 or the automatic clearing program.

Price differences on standard-price materials post to the price difference account (PRD); on moving-average materials a difference is capitalized into stock value while stock coverage exists.

Subsequent debit and subsequent credit post additional charges or corrections with reference to a purchase order item, update the PO history, and do not change the invoiced quantity.

Evaluated Receipt Settlement (ERS) generates the invoice automatically from the goods receipt when the ERS indicator is set in the PO item or vendor master; no supplier invoice document is entered.

The valuation area is the plant in SAP S/4HANA: all stock of one material in a plant is valuated together unless split valuation is active.

Account determination in OBYC uses transaction key + account modifier (general modification) + valuation class + valuation grouping code (assigned to the valuation area/plant) to derive the G/L account.

Important transaction keys: BSX stock account, WRX GR/IR clearing, PRD price differences, KDM exchange rate differences, UMB revaluation, BSV change in stock from price changes, GBB offsetting entries for consumption.

The valuation class is entered in the material master accounting view; which valuation classes are permitted depends on the material type via the account category reference.

Price control S (standard price): goods receipts post at the purchase order price while stock is always valuated at the fixed standard price, so deviations go to price difference accounts.

Price control V (moving average): each receipt re-values stock; new MAP = (existing stock value + receipt value) / (existing stock quantity + receipt quantity).

Split valuation uses a valuation category with valuation types (for example origin or grade); each valuation type carries its own price control, price and stock segment.

Consumption and offsetting postings use transaction key GBB with an account modification derived from the transaction (for example VBR for subcontracting), selecting different accounts per account assignment category.

The purchasing info record links vendor, material and purchasing organization (plant optional) and stores price conditions, over/underdelivery tolerances, reminder levels, planned delivery time and the GR-based IV default.

The source list is plant-specific with validity dates plus MRP, fixed and blocked indicators; the material master source list requirement forces a valid source before a PO can be created.

A quota arrangement splits MRP requirements among several sources using quotas and quota ratings; it is only used when the quota arrangement usage indicator is set in the material master.

Consignment: item category K and special stock K; goods receipt creates no vendor liability and no PO price is used; withdrawal is valuated with the consignment info record price and settled via MRKO.

Subcontracting: item category L with components from the subcontracting BOM; components are transferred with movement type 541 into special stock O at the vendor and consumed by the goods receipt (101) of the finished material.

Stock transport order: document type UB with supplying and receiving plant; without SD delivery the movements are goods issue 351 and goods receipt 101, with SD delivery goods issue 641 plus delivery and billing.

Third-party order: item category S, no goods receipt and no own stock; the vendor ships directly to the customer and the vendor invoice is posted with reference to the purchase order.

Pipeline materials are not managed as stock and require no goods receipt; consumption is posted directly and settled by an invoice that references the purchase order.