Schleswig-Holstein Abitur Spanish flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Beleg (textual evidence)

A short quotation or line reference from the text that proves a true/false or multiple-choice answer. Without it, the item is graded as unsupported and earns no points in German Abitur reading tasks.

Richtig-Falsch mit Begründung

Task type where you mark a statement true or false and then justify it with a quotation from the text. The justification must match the statement, not merely repeat the topic.

Globales vs. detailliertes Lesen

Two reading modes: global reading establishes topic, intention, and text type quickly; detailed reading locates specific facts, figures, and arguments. Abitur tasks usually require both in sequence.

Falsche Freunde im Spanischen

Words that look like German or English but differ in meaning, e.g. actual (current), largo (long), realizar (carry out), pretender (intend). Misreading them reverses text meaning.

Signalwörter der Argumentation

Connectors such as sin embargo, no obstante, por lo tanto, en cambio. They mark contrast, consequence, or concession and reveal the author's position in a text.

Heading-matching task

Task type where paragraph headings or statements must be assigned to text sections. Correct options paraphrase the paragraph's main idea; distractors quote single words out of context.

Inferencia léxica

Deriving unknown word meaning from context, word family, prefixes, suffixes, or parallel structure instead of a dictionary. Essential when authentic Abitur texts contain regional or specialised vocabulary.

Hörverstehen: zweimaliges Hören

Standard Abitur procedure: recordings are played twice. Use the first listening for global meaning and notes, the second to confirm details such as numbers, names, and reasons.

Distraktor durch Selbstkorrektur

A listening trap where a speaker names an option and then corrects it (pero en realidad...). The correction, not the first mention, carries the correct answer.

Notizen mit Abkürzungen

Shorthand note-taking during listening: arrows for trends, plus/minus for evaluation, digits for numbers, and speaker labels. Frees attention for the ongoing audio instead of full sentences.

Zahlen und Datumsangaben

High-frequency listening detail: veintiuno, dos mil veinticinco, la mitad, el doble, hace dos años. Numbers are often the only distinguishing feature between answer options.

Anrede als Registerhinweis

Choice between tú/vosotros and usted/ustedes signals the relationship and formality between speakers. It helps infer context, audience, and the appropriate register for the answer.

Globale Hörintention

Identifying topic, text type, and speaker intention (informing, warning, persuading) from the overall recording. Usually tested by one or two items separate from detail questions.

Sprachmittlung vs. Übersetzung

Mediation reproduces the communicative purpose for a new addressee, condensing irrelevant details; translation renders the full source text. Abitur mediation tasks require the former, not literal translation.

Adressatenbezug in der Mediation

Adapting content, register, and text type to the specified recipient, e.g. a formal email to an institution versus a note to a friend. Ignoring the addressee costs marks.

Textsorten der Mediation

Required output formats such as E-Mail, Brief, Notiz, or Blogeintrag. The conventions of the chosen text type (salutation, closing, structure) are part of the assessment.

Explikative Umschreibung

Explaining a culture-specific term instead of translating it literally, e.g. Selectividad as zentrale Hochschulzugangsprüfung. Prevents false friends and invented calques in mediation.

Formelle E-Mail auf Spanisch

Opens with Estimado/a señor/a: and closes with Atentamente or Un saludo. Uses usted forms and avoids colloquialisms; the German equivalent is Sehr geehrte... / Mit freundlichen Grüßen.

Weglassen statt wörtlich übersetzen

Mediation decision rule: omit or condense source details irrelevant to the addressee's purpose. Additions and invented content count as errors, as does translating every aside.

Zahlen und Währungen übertragen

Converting formats correctly: decimal comma versus point, date order dd.mm.yyyy, and currency symbols. Wrong conversion is a factual error even when the language is flawless.

Aufbau einer Textanalyse

Introduction (text type, author, topic, thesis), body with one idea per paragraph and textual evidence, conclusion with evaluation. Standard structure for analytical Abitur writing tasks.

Comment: Meinung mit Gegenargument

Opinion text structure using concession: si bien es cierto que..., no obstante, hay que tener en cuenta que... Acknowledging counter-arguments raises the argumentative quality assessed in the Abitur.

Redemittel für Textanalyse

Fixed phrases such as El texto trata de..., El autor sostiene que..., Llama la atención que (+ subj.), En resumen, cabe concluir que... They structure analysis and demonstrate register control.

Kohäsionsmittel variieren

Replacing basic connectors (y, pero, porque) with por consiguiente, asimismo, mientras que, a fin de cuentas. Connector range is explicitly part of the language performance mark.

Wortzahl einhalten

Abitur writing tasks set minimum and maximum word counts. Exceeding or falling short significantly costs marks, so paragraph length should be planned before writing.

Zitieren im Fließtext

Integrating quotations grammatically with markers such as Como afirma el autor, «...». Quotations must support an argument and fit the sentence syntax, not stand alone.

Subjuntivo-Auslöser

Structures requiring subjunctive: querer que, es importante que, para que, antes de que, ojalá, como si (+ imperfect subjunctive). A core accuracy point in Spanish Abitur writing.

Ser vs. estar

Ser marks identity, origin, profession, and inherent traits; estar marks location, temporary states, and results of change. Example: es cansado (tiring person) versus está cansado (tired now).

Indefinido vs. imperfecto

Indefinido (preterite) narrates completed foreground events; imperfecto describes background, habits, and ongoing states. Signal words: ayer, de repente versus antes, siempre, mientras.

Por vs. para

Para marks purpose, destination, deadline, and recipient; por marks cause, exchange, duration, means, and the agent in passive constructions. Confusion changes sentence meaning.

Akzentbedeutung

Accents distinguish meaning: el/él, si/sí, mas/más, aun/aún, que/qué. Interrogatives and exclamatives always carry accents; missing accents count as accuracy errors.

Autonome Gemeinschaften Spaniens

Spain comprises 17 autonomous communities plus the autonomous cities Ceuta and Melilla. Co-official languages are catalán, gallego, euskera, and aranés in their respective territories.