Andalusia PAU Greek II key terms

Word, account, or reasoned argument; in Attic prose often the speech or narrative itself, and the root of Spanish 'lógica' and 'logopedia'.

Mind, intellect, or purpose; denotes the faculty of understanding and deliberate intent, and underlies Spanish 'noología' and the prefix 'noo-'.

Soul, life, or breath of life; in prose authors it names the living principle in a person, and gives Spanish 'psique' and 'psicología'.

Body, whether of a person or an object; contrasted with soul in philosophical prose, and the source of Spanish 'soma' and 'somático'.

Truth, literally 'not-forgetting'; used for factual accuracy and philosophical reality, and the root of Spanish 'aleteia' in rhetoric and philosophy.

City-state, the basic political unit of classical Greece; also its citizen body, and the source of Spanish 'política', 'policía' and 'metrópolis'.

The people or common citizenry, and by extension the democratic assembly; gives Spanish 'democracia' and 'demografía'.

Law, custom, or convention; in Attic prose it covers both written statute and unwritten usage, and yields Spanish 'economía' (οἶκος + νόμος).

Excellence or virtue, the quality of performing one's function well; applied to warriors, citizens, and things, and the root of Spanish 'aretología'.

Beautiful, fine, or honourable; in prose often moral rather than physical, and the source of Spanish 'caligrafía' and 'caleidoscopio'.

Deed, matter, or affair; in Attic historians and orators it means a factual situation or business, and underlies Spanish 'pragma' and 'pragmático'.

Work, deed, or task accomplished; contrasted with mere words, and the root of Spanish 'energía' and 'ergonomía'.

Human being, whether man or woman; the generic term in prose, and the source of Spanish 'antropología' and 'filántropo'.

Man, especially an adult male or a husband; its stem ἀνδρ- gives Spanish 'andrógino' and 'andropausia'.

Woman or wife; its stem γυναικ- appears in Spanish 'ginecología' and 'misógino'.

Child, boy or girl, and also slave or servant in some contexts; its stem παιδ- gives Spanish 'pedagogía' and 'pediatra'.

To rule, begin, or take command; its stem ἀρχ- gives Spanish 'monarquía', 'anarquía' and 'arcaico'.

To say, speak, or gather; the standard verb introducing speech in Attic prose, and the root of Spanish 'léxico' and 'legible'.

To say or assert, used especially with direct or indirect quotation; supplies the enclitic φασί ('they say') and relates to Spanish 'fama'.

To know, perfect in form but present in meaning; its stem ἰδ- also yields 'idea' and 'idiota' in Spanish.

To become, be born, or happen; a very frequent middle verb in prose narrative, and the root of Spanish 'génesis' and 'genético'.

To be; the copula that links subject and predicate and also expresses existence, underlying Spanish 'esencia' from its participle οὐσία.

To have, hold, or be in a state; in prose often used with adverbs to describe condition, and the root of Spanish 'esquema' via σχῆμα.

To do or make; the standard verb for action and creation in prose, and the source of Spanish 'poesía' and 'poema'.

To be about to, intend, or delay; with the infinitive it marks future intention, a construction common in oratory and history.

Untranslatable particle marking potential, conditional, or iterative mood; combined with past tenses it forms the potential optative and unreal condition.

If; introduces conditional clauses, and its combination with ἄν (ἐάν) marks open or future conditions in Attic prose.

Correlative pair meaning 'on the one hand ... on the other'; structures contrast or balance in prose periods and is usually left partly untranslated.

Particle meaning 'therefore, then, so'; signals a logical or narrative consequence and often appears in the second position of a clause.

Particle meaning 'for, since'; introduces an explanation or justification of the preceding statement and stands second in its clause.

Conjunction meaning 'as, that, in order that'; introduces comparison, indirect statement, or purpose, and is distinct from the relative ὅτι.

Conjunction meaning 'that' or 'because'; introduces indirect statement and causal clauses in prose, and is also the neuter relative pronoun.

Conjunction meaning 'in order that, so that'; introduces purpose clauses normally followed by the subjunctive or optative.

Conjunction meaning 'when, since, after'; introduces temporal and causal clauses, and often takes the indicative in prose narrative.

Study of a word's true origin; applied to Spanish terms inherited from Greek, such as 'teléfono' from τῆλε and φωνή.

Hero, a semi-divine or legendary warrior honoured by cult; the source of Spanish 'héroe' and 'heroico'.

Tragedy, the dramatic genre of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides; literally 'goat-song' and the source of Spanish 'tragedia'.

Inquiry or investigation, and by extension written history; the title of Herodotus' work and the source of Spanish 'historia'.