WBCHSE HS Nepali First Language flashcards
WBCHSE HS Nepali First Language · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- गद्य (Gadya)
- Nepali term for prose. In the prescribed prose section it covers essays, stories, biographies, and memoirs, and questions test theme, character, and the author's purpose rather than recitation.
- मूल भावना
- The central idea or dominant sentiment of a prose piece or poem. A complete answer states it in one sentence and supports it with a specific detail from the text.
- संस्मरण
- A memoir: a prose form built from the writer's personal recollections of people and events. Its questions focus on lived experience and the writer's reflective stance rather than invented plot.
- जीवनी
- Biography - a prose account of a real person's life written by another. Distinguish it from आत्मजीवनी (autobiography), written by the subject in first person.
- व्यंग्य
- Satire or irony: a prose style that criticises through mock praise or exaggeration. When identifying it, point to the specific line where the literal meaning contradicts the intended criticism.
- उपमा अलङ्कार
- Simile: an explicit comparison using झैँ, जस्तै, or सरि. Both compared things remain distinct, unlike रूपक (metaphor), where one is identified with the other.
- रूपक अलङ्कार
- Metaphor: an implied comparison in which the subject is identified with the image, without झैँ or जस्तै. Example pattern: 'जीवन एउटा यात्रा हो'.
- अनुप्रास
- Alliteration: repetition of the same initial consonant sound in nearby words. It is identified by sound repetition, not by meaning, and contributes to the poem's musicality.
- मानवीकरण
- Personification: attributing human qualities or actions to non-human things, such as nature or objects. It differs from उपमा because no comparison word appears.
- गजल
- A ghazal: a lyric form of couplets sharing a refrain (रदीफ) and a recurring rhyme (काफिया). Each couplet (शेर) usually stands as a self-contained thought.
- लय
- Rhythm or cadence in verse - the patterned flow produced by syllable weight, stress, and pauses. Questions ask whether a poem is लयात्मक (metrical) or free-flowing.
- एकाङ्की
- A one-act play: a single continuous act presenting one situation, few characters, and a sharp climax. It must not be described as having multiple acts or scenes.
- द्वन्द्व
- Conflict, the driving force of drama. Classify it as internal (psychological, within a character) or external (social, familial, or between characters) and name both opposing sides.
- चरमोत्कर्ष
- Climax: the point of highest tension where the central conflict is decided. Plot answers place it between उत्कर्ष (rising action) and समाधान (resolution).
- नेपथ्य
- Off-stage or backstage area in drama. Directions concerning नेपथ्य indicate sounds or voices heard but not seen, and are not spoken by on-stage characters.
- प्रतिनायक
- The antagonist: the character or force opposing the नायक (protagonist). Support the label with one concrete action that obstructs the protagonist's aim.
- संवाद
- Dialogue in drama - the exchanged speech through which plot advances and character is revealed. Analysis asks what a line shows about the speaker's motive, not merely what it says.
- रंगमञ्च
- The stage, and by extension staging: setting, props, lighting, and movement. Stagecraft questions ask how visual choices reinforce the play's mood or theme.
- कथावस्तु
- Plot: the ordered arrangement of events. Present it as प्रारम्भ, उत्कर्ष, चरमोत्कर्ष, and समाधान rather than as an unordered list of incidents.
- पात्र-चित्रण
- Characterisation: the techniques by which a dramatist or prose writer builds a figure - through action, speech, others' comments, and authorial description.
- शीर्षकको सार्थकता
- The significance of a title. Answer by linking the title to the central incident, motif, or value of the work in two or three sentences with one supporting episode.
- प्रथम पुरुष कथन
- First-person narration, where the narrator is a character using 'म'. It restricts the reader to what that narrator knows, sees, or chooses to reveal.
- सन्देश
- The message or takeaway of a literary work, usually a value such as मानवता or सत्यनिष्ठा. State it abstractly, then anchor it to a concrete episode.
- कारक
- Grammatical case - the relation of a noun to the verb. Nepali markers include -ले (agent/instrument), -लाई (object/recipient), -बाट (source), -को (possession), -मा (location).
- कर्मवाच्य
- Passive voice in Nepali, formed with the past participle plus a form of जानु, as in गरियो or लेखियो. The object becomes prominent and the agent may be dropped.
- समास
- Compound formation joining two or more words into one. Main types: तत्पुरुष, द्वन्द्व, बहुव्रीहि, कर्मधारय, अव्ययीभाव, identified by how the compound expands.
- वाक्यशुद्धि
- Sentence correction. Check subject–verb agreement, correct case-marker, tense consistency, gender and number agreement, and Nepali SOV word order before rewriting the sentence.
- उखान
- A proverb carrying figurative wisdom. Answer idiom questions with the intended figurative meaning plus one original illustrative sentence, never a literal word-for-word gloss.
- औपचारिक पत्र
- A formal letter. Required parts: sender's address and date, recipient's address, विषय (subject line), सम्बोधन, body, closing, and signature - register stays impersonal and polite.
- सूचना
- A notice: a short, boxed, dated and signed announcement to a defined group. It must answer के, कहिले, कहाँ, कसले, किन, and कसरी compactly.
- सारांश
- A precis: a compressed restatement, roughly one-third of the original length, in third person, keeping core argument and dropping examples, repetition, and personal comment.
- प्रतिवेदन
- A report: a structured account with title, objective, method or sequence of events, findings, and recommendations, written in third person and past tense for completed events.