Vocabulary and Kanji(語句・漢字)
What this domain tests
漢字の読み書き (the 配当漢字 of the 中学校学習指導要領), 語句の意味, 慣用句・ことわざ・四字熟語, 類義語・対義語, and 敬語. These come as short standalone items, and the same knowledge is folded into the reading passage, where a kanji is printed in kana or a 語句 must be explained.
漢字
- 同音異義語 decide most spelling items: 関心/感心, 対象/対照, 回答/解答, 観賞/鑑賞, 機械/器械. The verb and the collocation pick the winner.
- 熟語の構成: 似た意味 (増加), 反対 (高低), 修飾 (美人), 動詞+目的語 (読書).
- 送り仮名 in 現代仮名遣い: 「行う」「表す」「現れる」, not 「行なう」.
語句
- 慣用句 with body parts: 油を売る, 耳が痛い, 手を焼く, 顔が広い, 骨が折れる.
- 四字熟語: 一石二鳥, 温故知新, 異口同音.
- 多義語: the meaning is fixed by the words it combines with in that sentence.
敬語
- 尊敬語: いらっしゃる・おっしゃる・ご覧になる・召し上がる・なさる.
- 謙譲語: 伺う・申す・拝見する・いただく・お目にかかる.
- 丁寧語: です・ます・ございます.
- 二重敬語 (「おっしゃられます」) and respect language aimed at yourself are errors.
Worked example
「地球温暖化に(かんしん)を持っている。」→ 関心. Reasoning: test both candidates in the frame the sentence supplies. 「持つ」 takes 「関心」 (interest), while 「感心」 goes with 「する」 and means admiration. The particle に also fits 「関心を持つ」. Choosing by sound alone is what the item is designed to catch.
Traps that cost marks
- Picking a 同音異義語 from pronunciation without checking the verb.
- Mixing 音読み and 訓読み inside one 熟語 (達成 is たっせい).
- Reversing 尊敬語 and 謙譲語: 「先生が申した」 is wrong, 「先生がおっしゃった」 is right.
- Taking a 慣用句 literally word by word.
- Writing older 送り仮名 such as 「行なう」.