TEMI Adulto (AMIB / AMB) key terms

Plateau pressure minus positive end-expiratory pressure during controlled ventilation. It reflects the cyclic stretch applied to aerated lung and is associated with mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Airway pressure measured during an inspiratory pause, approximating alveolar pressure. Elevated values suggest overdistension or reduced chest compliance and guide limits during lung-protective ventilation.

Strategy using low tidal volumes, limited plateau and driving pressures, and adequate positive end-expiratory pressure to reduce ventilator-induced lung injury, chiefly in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Transient increase in airway pressure intended to reopen collapsed alveoli, followed by titration of positive end-expiratory pressure to keep them open. Risks include hypotension and barotrauma.

Airway pressure maintained at end-expiration that prevents alveolar collapse, improves oxygenation and functional residual capacity, but may reduce venous return and cardiac output.

Placing the patient face down during mechanical ventilation to improve ventilation-perfusion matching and reduce mortality in moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Requires protection of pressure points and airway security.

Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with bilateral opacities not fully explained by cardiac failure, arising within a week of a known insult, classified by oxygenation severity.

Concept combining tidal volume, respiratory rate, and airway pressures to estimate the energy delivered to the lung per unit time; higher values are linked to ventilator-induced lung injury.

Concentration of lactate in blood, reflecting anaerobic metabolism and impaired clearance. Elevated values in sepsis indicate hypoperfusion and guide resuscitation; clearance over time is prognostically useful.

Condition in which cardiac output increases meaningfully after a fluid bolus, indicating that the heart is operating on the steep portion of its preload curve. Assessed by dynamic indices rather than static pressures.

Respiratory variation in systolic-diastolic pressure difference during positive-pressure ventilation, used to predict fluid responsiveness in patients with controlled ventilation and stable rhythm.

Bedside maneuver that autotransfuses blood from the legs to the thorax, testing fluid responsiveness by observing stroke volume or cardiac output changes without administering fluid.

Sepsis with persistent hypotension requiring vasopressors to maintain mean arterial pressure and with elevated lactate despite adequate fluid resuscitation, carrying high mortality.

Set of time-sensitive actions for suspected sepsis, including cultures, early broad-spectrum antibiotics, lactate measurement, and fluid resuscitation, aimed at rapid source control and hemodynamic stabilization.

Procedures that remove or drain the anatomical focus of infection, such as drainage of an abscess or debridement of necrotic tissue, performed as early as feasible alongside antimicrobial therapy.

First-line vasopressor for septic and most vasodilatory shock, increasing vascular tone with modest beta-mediated inotropy and less arrhythmogenicity than dopamine.

Vasoconstrictor acting on V1 receptors independent of adrenergic pathways, often added to norepinephrine to reduce catecholamine requirements in refractory vasodilatory shock.

Score from three to fifteen combining eye, verbal, and motor responses, used to quantify level of consciousness and detect neurological deterioration after brain injury.

Objective measurement of pupil size and reactivity to light, used to detect early neurological deterioration and brainstem dysfunction in neurocritical patients.

Pressure within the cranial vault, normally below about fifteen millimeters of mercury in adults. Sustained elevation reduces cerebral perfusion and risks herniation.

Mean arterial pressure minus intracranial pressure; the driving pressure for cerebral blood flow, targeted to maintain adequate brain oxygenation after traumatic brain injury.

Abrupt decline in renal function defined by rising creatinine or falling urine output over hours to days, staged by severity and often multifactorial in critically ill patients.

Slow, continuous extracorporeal blood purification used in hemodynamically unstable patients, allowing gradual correction of volume, solute, and acid-base derangements.

Serum potassium above the normal range, risking cardiac conduction abnormalities and arrhythmia. Emergency treatment includes membrane stabilization, intracellular shift, and potassium removal.

Calculated difference between measured cations and anions, used to classify metabolic acidosis and detect unmeasured acids such as ketones, lactate, or toxins.

Shock caused by inadequate cardiac output despite adequate preload, typically from acute myocardial infarction or decompensated heart failure, with low perfusion and elevated filling pressures.

Cardiac arrest with organized electrical activity on the monitor but no effective mechanical contraction or palpable pulse; managed by identifying reversible causes.

Ten-point scale from unresponsive to combative used to titrate sedation in intensive care, favoring light sedation targets when clinically appropriate.

Acute fluctuating disturbance of attention and cognition common in critically ill patients, associated with longer ventilation, longer stay, and increased mortality; prevented by nonpharmacological measures.

Pharmacological paralysis used in specific situations such as severe acute respiratory distress syndrome or elevated intracranial pressure, always requiring deep sedation and close monitoring.

Potentially fatal shift of electrolytes, especially phosphate, potassium, and magnesium, after reintroduction of nutrition in malnourished patients; prevented by gradual caloric advancement and supplementation.

Delivery of nutrients into the gastrointestinal tract, preferred over parenteral routes when feasible because it preserves gut integrity and reduces infectious complications.

Systemic activation of coagulation with consumption of platelets and clotting factors, causing thrombosis and bleeding; treated by addressing the underlying cause.

Platelet count below the normal range, common in critical illness from consumption, dilution, drugs, or marrow suppression, and relevant to bleeding risk and transfusion decisions.

Plasma product used to replace multiple coagulation factors in active bleeding with coagulopathy or before urgent procedures, not for simple volume expansion.

Sustained intra-abdominal pressure elevation with new organ dysfunction, most often renal and respiratory, requiring decompression, frequently by laparotomy.

Trauma strategy prioritizing hemorrhage control, permissive hypotension, early balanced blood products, and rapid surgical or endovascular intervention before definitive repair.

Structured, preplanned delivery of large volumes of blood products with balanced ratios, minimizing crystalloid and coordinating laboratory monitoring during severe hemorrhage.

Bloodstream infection attributable to a central venous catheter, prevented by insertion bundles, chlorhexidine skin preparation, and daily review of catheter necessity.

Pneumonia developing after at least forty-eight hours of mechanical ventilation, diagnosed by new infiltrates and clinical signs; prevented by head elevation and sedation minimization.