WBBSE Madhyamik Nepali (First Language) flashcards
WBBSE Madhyamik Nepali (First Language) · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- मुख्य भाव
- The central feeling or idea a poem conveys, stated in one line and then supported by the poem's dominant image or repeated word.
- उपमा
- A figure of speech comparing two things with an explicit comparison word such as झैं, जस्तै, or सरि, as in हिमाल झैं अडिग.
- रूपक
- A figure of speech in which one thing is identified with another without any comparison word, so the image and the subject become the same.
- अनुप्रास
- A sound figure in which the same consonant is repeated in nearby words, producing rhythm and musicality in recitation.
- मानवीकरण
- A figure in which human qualities, feelings, or actions are given to non-human things such as rivers, mountains, or the moon.
- स्थायीभाव
- The permanent, lasting emotion in the reader or character from which a rasa arises, such as रति for शृङ्गार and शोक for करुण.
- करुण रस
- The rasa of compassion and grief, arising from शोक स्थायीभाव, typically produced by loss, separation, or suffering in a poem.
- वीर रस
- The rasa of courage and heroic energy, arising from उत्साह स्थायीभाव and produced by descriptions of valour, struggle, or national resolve.
- कविताको सन्देश
- The instruction the poet leaves with the reader, moving beyond the poem's particular occasion to a universal statement about life or duty.
- गद्यको शैली
- The mode of prose writing, such as वर्णनात्मक, विचारात्मक, संवादात्मक, or आत्मकथात्मक, identified by features like direct speech or first-person narration.
- चरित्र-चित्रण
- A character sketch that introduces the figure, names two or three qualities, and proves each quality with a specific action from the text.
- शीर्षकको औचित्य
- Justification of a title by linking it to the opening situation, the climax, and the closing line, showing that it captures the whole text.
- मूल्यमूलक प्रश्न
- A value-based question that requires naming the value shown, locating it in the text, and stating its relevance to present-day life.
- उद्देश्य र सन्देश
- उद्देश्य is the writer's reason for composing the piece; सन्देश is the lesson the reader is expected to carry away from it.
- घटनाक्रम
- The order of episodes in a lesson, used to answer sequence questions by placing an event between its immediate neighbours.
- वर्णनकर्ता
- The narrating voice in a first-person lesson, which must be distinguished from the author when a question asks who says or sees something.
- पात्रको कार्य
- The specific action a character performs in a given situation, which is what rapid-reader questions ask for rather than a general personality description.
- स्वर सन्धि
- Vowel junction: अ or आ with अ or आ gives आ; अ with इ or ई gives ए; अ with उ or ऊ gives ओ; अ with ऋ gives अर्.
- व्यञ्जन सन्धि
- Consonant junction: म् before क becomes ङ्क; न् before च becomes ञ्च; त् before श becomes च्छ; त् before ल becomes ल्ल.
- विसर्ग सन्धि
- Junction involving विसर्ग: विसर्ग after र् usually becomes र्, and विसर्ग before a vowel becomes ओ, as in मनः + रथ → मनोरथ.
- तत्पुरुष समास
- A compound whose last member is the head and whose earlier member carries a case relation that is dropped, as in राजकुमार.
- बहुव्रीहि समास
- A compound whose head lies outside the compound itself, so the whole word denotes a third entity, as in चतुर्भुज for Vishnu.
- द्वन्द्व समास
- A compound joining two or more words of equal status, which can be separated by र, as in आमाबाबु.
- कर्म कारक
- The case of the object receiving the action of a transitive verb, usually marked by लाई, as in किताब किन्न लाई.
- अपादान कारक
- The case marking separation or source, expressed by बाट or देखि, as in घरबाट आयो.
- कर्मवाच्य
- The passive voice, in which the object becomes the subject and the verb takes a passive form, shifting focus from doer to action.
- निबन्धको ढाँचा
- Essay structure of भूमिका, मुख्य भाग with one idea per paragraph, and उपसंहार, with a consistent formal register throughout.
- निवेदनको ढाँचा
- Application order: सेवामा, date, receiver's office, subject line, salutation, body stating request and reason, then signature and details.
- सारांश लेखन
- Précis writing that keeps about one-third of the original, uses third person and past or neutral tense, and excludes opinion and direct speech.
- प्रतिवेदन
- A factual report in third person and past tense answering what happened, when, where, who was involved, and what resulted.
- उखान
- A fixed proverb whose figurative meaning must match the situation exactly, such as हात्ती आयो हात्ती आयो फुस्सा for a big threat ending in nothing.
- पर्यायवाची शब्द
- A synonym judged by whether it can replace the given word in a sentence without changing meaning or register.