APF Nepal Inspector cheat sheet

Nepal's constitution: promulgated 20 September 2015 (Ashwin 3, 2072 BS), 7 parts, 308 articles, 9 schedules; federal democratic republic with 7 provinces and 753 local units.

Fundamental rights (Part 3, Articles 16–46) include right to equality (Art. 18), freedom (Art. 17), right against untouchability (Art. 24), right to education (Art. 31), right to health (Art. 35), and right to constitutional remedy (Art. 46).

Constitutional bodies: Public Service Commission (Art. 242), Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (Art. 238), Auditor General (Art. 241), Election Commission (Art. 245), National Human Rights Commission (Art. 249).

Civil service hierarchy (Civil Service Act 2049): non-gazetted (kharidar, nayab subba), gazetted (section officer, under secretary, joint secretary, secretary); promotion based on seniority, performance appraisal, and internal competitive exam.

Panchayat system abolished by the 1990 Constitution (restored multiparty democracy); Nepal became a federal republic after the 2008 Constituent Assembly declaration abolishing the monarchy.

Local government (Constitution Part 9, Arts. 214–237): 753 local units - 6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities, 460 rural municipalities; each has a judicial committee for local disputes.

Nepal's Five-Year Plans: currently the 15th Plan (FY 2076/77–2080/81) targets graduation from LDC status by 2026 and SDG achievement by 2030; planning began in 1956 (First Plan 2013–2016 BS).

Official language: Nepali in Devanagari script (Art. 7); provinces may adopt additional official languages; all languages spoken as mother tongues are national languages.

Public procurement: Public Procurement Act 2063 and Regulation 2064 require open competitive bidding above thresholds, e-bidding through PPMO portal, and bid security of 2–5% of estimated cost.

Accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity; expanded: Assets = Liabilities + Capital + Revenues − Expenses − Drawings.

Double-entry rule: every transaction affects at least two accounts; debits = credits; normal balances: assets and expenses debit, liabilities, equity, and revenues credit.

Journal → ledger → trial balance → adjusting entries → adjusted trial balance → financial statements → closing entries → post-closing trial balance.

Depreciation methods: straight-line = (Cost − Residual)/Useful life; diminishing balance = fixed % on book value; units-of-production = (Cost − Residual) × units used / total expected units.

Bank reconciliation: adjusted bank balance = bank statement balance + deposits in transit − outstanding cheques ± bank errors; adjusted book balance = cash book balance + interest credited − bank charges ± book errors.

Government accounting in Nepal (Financial Procedures and Fiscal Responsibility Act 2076): cash-based single-entry for most offices; consolidated fund, contingency fund, and advance account operations.

Ratio formulas: current ratio = current assets/current liabilities; quick ratio = (current assets − inventory)/current liabilities; debt-equity = total debt/equity; net profit margin = net profit/sales × 100.

Audit: internal audit by Office of the Auditor General? No-internal audit by line ministry; final audit by Auditor General (Art. 241); audit report submitted to President and Parliament.

VAT in Nepal: standard rate 13%; registration threshold NPR 5 million turnover (goods) and NPR 2 million (services); VAT return filed monthly by 25th of following month.

Concrete mix design: nominal mixes 1:1:2 (M25), 1:1.5:3 (M20), 1:2:4 (M15), 1:3:6 (M10); water-cement ratio typically 0.4–0.6; 28-day cube strength is characteristic strength.

Slump test (workability): true slump 25–100 mm for normal RCC; compaction factor test for low workability; Vee-Bee consistometer for very dry mixes.

Bending moment and shear: simply supported beam with UDL w over span L: max BM = wL²/8 at midspan, max shear = wL/2 at supports; cantilever with point load P at free end: BM = PL at fixed end.

Surveying: 1 hectare = 10,000 m² = 100 ares; 1 ropani = 5476 sq ft ≈ 508.74 m²; 1 bigha = 6772.63 m²; 1 kattha = 338.63 m²; 1 dhur = 16.93 m².

Soil mechanics: void ratio e = Vv/Vs; porosity n = Vv/V × 100; degree of saturation S = Vw/Vv × 100; dry unit weight γd = γ/(1+w); relative density for sands.

Hydrology: rational method Q = C·i·A (peak discharge); return period T = 1/P (P = exceedance probability); unit hydrograph theory assumes linear response and uniform rainfall.

Transportation: Nepal road classification - national highways, feeder roads, district roads, and rural roads; design speed for hill roads 30–50 km/h; minimum radius depends on superelevation and friction.

Project management: critical path method (CPM) identifies longest path; total float = LS − ES = LF − EF; PERT uses three-point estimate te = (O + 4M + P)/6.

Building code: Nepal National Building Code (NBC 105:2020) seismic design; importance factor I = 1.0–1.5; response reduction factor R = 3–5 depending on structural system.

Vital signs normal ranges: adult pulse 60–100 beats/min, respiratory rate 12–20/min, blood pressure <120/80 mmHg (normal), temperature 36.5–37.5 °C oral.

Primary health care (Alma-Ata 1978) principles: equitable distribution, community participation, focus on prevention, appropriate technology, and multi-sectoral approach.

Nepal's health system tiers: federal (Ministry of Health and Population), provincial health directorates, local health units (health posts, urban health centres), and community health volunteers (FCHVs).

Immunization schedule (Nepal): BCG and OPV-0 at birth; Pentavalent, OPV, PCV, and Rotavirus at 6, 10, and 14 weeks; MR at 9 and 15 months; JE vaccine in endemic districts; Td at 10 and 16 years for girls.

Disease transmission: direct contact, droplet, airborne, vector-borne, vehicle-borne; incubation period vs. communicable period; herd immunity threshold = 1 − 1/R0.

Essential drugs list (Nepal): maintained by Ministry of Health; uses generic names; categories A (vital), B (essential), C (supplementary); procurement through central medical stores.

Epidemiology measures: incidence = new cases/population at risk per time; prevalence = all cases/total population; case fatality rate = deaths/cases × 100; sensitivity and specificity for screening tests.

Maternal and child health: focused antenatal care (4 visits minimum), skilled birth attendance, postnatal care within 24 hours, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, ORS and zinc for diarrhoea.