APF Nepal Inspector flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Fundamental Rights in Nepal

Part 3 of the 2015 Constitution (Articles 16–46) guarantees rights including equality, freedom, education, health, and constitutional remedy; these are enforceable in courts.

Public Service Commission

Constitutional body under Article 242 of Nepal's Constitution; conducts examinations for civil service recruitment and advises on promotion and disciplinary matters.

Local government units

Nepal has 753 local units: 6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities, and 460 rural municipalities, each with elected representatives and a judicial committee.

Civil service classification

Nepal's Civil Service Act 2049 classifies posts into non-gazetted (kharidar, nayab subba) and gazetted (section officer upward), with promotion by seniority, performance, and internal exam.

Public Procurement Act 2063

Nepal's law governing government procurement; mandates open competitive bidding above thresholds, e-bidding via PPMO, and bid security of 2–5% of estimated cost.

Constitutional bodies of Nepal

Independent bodies include the Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority (Art. 238), Auditor General (241), Public Service Commission (242), Election Commission (245), and National Human Rights Commission (249).

Nepal's federal structure

The 2015 Constitution established a federal democratic republic with three tiers-federal, 7 provinces, and 753 local units-each with defined legislative, executive, and judicial powers.

Accounting equation

Assets = Liabilities + Equity. Every transaction preserves this balance; revenues increase equity, expenses and drawings decrease it, forming the basis of double-entry bookkeeping.

Double-entry rule

Each transaction records equal debits and credits. Assets and expenses normally have debit balances; liabilities, equity, and revenues normally have credit balances.

Straight-line depreciation

Annual depreciation = (Cost − Residual value) / Useful life. It allocates an equal expense each year and is simple but ignores varying usage patterns.

Bank reconciliation statement

A schedule explaining differences between the cash book and bank statement balances by adjusting for deposits in transit, outstanding cheques, bank charges, interest, and errors.

Current ratio

Current assets divided by current liabilities. It measures short-term liquidity; a ratio above 1 indicates the entity can cover near-term obligations with current assets.

Auditor General's role

Under Article 241, the Auditor General audits all government offices and constitutional bodies, submits an annual report to the President, which is laid before Parliament.

VAT in Nepal

Value Added Tax at 13% applies to most goods and services; registration is required above NPR 5 million turnover for goods and NPR 2 million for services; returns are monthly.

Trial balance

A list of ledger account balances at a date, used to verify that total debits equal total credits before preparing financial statements; it does not detect all errors.

Government accounting basis

Nepal's government offices largely use cash-based single-entry accounting under the Financial Procedures and Fiscal Responsibility Act 2076, recording transactions when cash is received or paid.

Concrete nominal mixes

Standard volume ratios: 1:1:2 for M25, 1:1.5:3 for M20, 1:2:4 for M15, and 1:3:6 for M10, where cement:sand:aggregate proportions determine characteristic strength.

Slump test

A workability test where a concrete cone is filled and lifted; the vertical drop of the concrete indicates consistency, typically 25–100 mm for normal reinforced concrete.

Simply supported beam moments

For a uniformly distributed load w over span L, maximum bending moment is wL²/8 at midspan and maximum shear is wL/2 at each support.

Ropani and bigha conversions

1 ropani ≈ 508.74 m² (5476 sq ft); 1 bigha = 6772.63 m²; 1 kattha = 338.63 m²; 1 dhur = 16.93 m²; these units are used in Nepali land measurement.

Void ratio and porosity

Void ratio e = Vv/Vs (volume of voids to solids); porosity n = Vv/V × 100%. They describe soil packing and relate by n = e/(1+e).

Rational method

Peak discharge Q = C·i·A, where C is runoff coefficient, i is rainfall intensity, and A is catchment area; used for small urban drainage design.

Critical path method

A project scheduling technique identifying the longest path through dependent activities; total float = late start − early start, and critical activities have zero float.

Nepal National Building Code

NBC 105:2020 provides seismic design provisions; the importance factor ranges 1.0–1.5 and response reduction factor 3–5 depending on structural system and occupancy.

Normal adult vital signs

Pulse 60–100 beats/min, respiratory rate 12–20/min, blood pressure below 120/80 mmHg, and oral temperature 36.5–37.5 °C are typical adult resting values.

Primary health care principles

Alma-Ata 1978 declared equitable distribution, community participation, prevention focus, appropriate technology, and multi-sectoral action as core principles of primary health care.

Nepal immunization schedule

BCG and OPV-0 at birth; pentavalent, OPV, PCV, and rotavirus at 6, 10, and 14 weeks; MR at 9 and 15 months; JE in endemic districts; Td at 10 and 16 years.

Incidence and prevalence

Incidence counts new cases among population at risk over time; prevalence counts all existing cases at a point. Incidence reflects risk, prevalence reflects burden.

Herd immunity threshold

The proportion of a population that must be immune to interrupt transmission, calculated as 1 − 1/R0, where R0 is the basic reproduction number.

Essential drugs list Nepal

Maintained by the Ministry of Health and Population, it lists medicines by generic name in categories A (vital), B (essential), and C (supplementary) for public procurement.

Focused antenatal care

A minimum of four antenatal visits with skilled providers, including screening, tetanus immunization, iron-folic acid, and birth preparedness counselling, reduces maternal and neonatal risk.

Case fatality rate

Deaths from a disease divided by diagnosed cases, multiplied by 100. It measures severity and is distinct from mortality rate, which uses the whole population denominator.